Freud assumed that our behavior is caused by unconscious thoughts, our desires and impulses which is also how human behaviour is explained in the psychodynamic approach. Psychodynamic approach concentrates on many different factors that may have caused psychological distress, such as childhood experiences, our current and past relationships and exploring the things we do without even being aware of it. Another very important and powerful tool is to use this therapy to interpret the transference relationship. The psychodynamic counselling sessions are more dynamic as the therapist is trying to help the patient in fewer sessions possible comparing to psychoanalysis. This is why the counselor usually presents himself as a ‘blank screen’ and lets the client act out and projects his feelings on to the therapist.
He has paved many paths in the psychology field of study. Freud explored observable behavior and rather than changing the environment looked for alternate reasons for the behavior. Freud’s theory of psychodynamic perspective stated that all behaviors, both ordinary and unordinary are controlled by the unconscious mind. Freud’s research led him to discover that the unconscious mind controlled his patients’ behavior. Freud was a neurologist by degree but used his background to explore areas in the psychological field.
These theories are different because Psychodynamic theory deals with mental disorders such as schizophrenia, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and nonschizophrenia psychotic disorders. These people hear voices in their heads telling them what to do, as for people with behavioral disorder do what they were praised for doing as a child and with a personality disorder, they lacked the love and attention and do what they see
The superego is our morality principle which we develop from three to six years old, it helps us to define the difference between right and wrong and Freud suggested that it is often in conflict with the id. Finally, the ego is the reality principle which balances out the demands from the superego and the id. The fact that all the principles develop at different stages of childhood suggests that Freud believed that our self and identity develops early in life and once it is developed there is no going back and changing it. Freud is often criticised for his lack of evidence to support his theories, though because they are based on the unconscious they are practically impossible to investigate. He is also criticised for his major emphasis on the individual and neglecting the influences of people around them.
Psychology- as explored through the eyes of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow When Carl Jung says, “Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves”, he very aptly describes the role that Psychology plays in exploring and examining the processes of the human brain and how that impacts our behaviors and personality. Comparing the theories of Jung and Maslow could take hours since each one had enough to say about what their beliefs were about the human condition. But while Carl Jung focused on how the unconscious affected our personality (Introversion and Extraversion), Abraham Maslow focused on the integration of self (Self-Actualization Theory). Jung believed that there were active centers in the unconscious
Steinbock states that “Intelligence is thought to be a morally relevant capacity because of its relation to the capacity for moral responsibility”. In comparing the ideas of racism or sexism to speciecism, the lack of the capacity to be taught to own those rights as can be done in the divide between genders and races, appears to be a measure through which the capacity for rights are bestowed. Because a woman or an African American can be taught and can learn and have equal responses to situations and responsibilities, their rights should be equal to that of white men. But on the other hand, animals do not have the capacity to respond to the world as an equal to humans, therefore they are not subject to human morality or the rights that comes from
The untrained individuals would look at psychopathology as being a study of mental disorders on the mere manifestation of different behaviors. However, we in the field of psychology would determine what is by going through the basics. It is commonly referred to as abnormal psychology which is the clear understanding of nature, certain treatments, and the many different causes. There are several ways in fact to where individuals in the field of psychology may use to explain psychology. For example, one psychologist may use descriptive psychopathology to which will strive to provide answers for symptoms or mental illness.
These endorphins create receptors and nerve cells in the brain. An addiction to a drug happens when a person didn’t have a comforting childhood and is in search for the comfort they never experienced. Rape victims and people who were physically abused as children make up for almost all of the skid row addicts. Maté’s argument is from talking to addicts that go to the Portland facility where he works. Although Maté is around these patients and talk to them all the time, the other side of the argument is that it doesn’t mean that drug addictions always originate from unhappiness.
A philosopher such as Freud would agree with me because he argued that our Conscience is a construct of the mind. Freud did not believe in any absolute moral law therefore the content of our conscience is shaped by our experiences - our conscience is learned. He argued that the human mind is split into three separate parts. The id is basic instincts and desires such as hunger, which are present at birth. The ego balances the desires and needs of both the id and the super ego.
Main Body CBT was pioneered by Dr A Beck in the 1960s. He was a psychiatrist at the University of Pennsylvania where he was researching the psychoanalytic concepts of depression. After discovering his research did not validate the psychoanalytic concepts of depression he began to develop his own theory. From his research he concluded that the driving forces of mental dysfunction are habitual, unrealistic, and self-defeating thoughts. He called them our “automatic thoughts,” and stated that they stem from our belief system and act as a go-between an event and the person’s behaviour or response to