This paper asked the question, “Can leadership, particularly charisma, be taught?” They performed a series of measurable experiments to try to answer that question. Their goal was to “whether a theoretically designed intervention can make individuals appear more charismatic to independent observers”. This is their synopsis: “We tested whether we could teach individuals to behave more charismatically, and whether changes in charisma affected leader outcomes. In Study 1, a mixed-design field experiment, we randomly assigned 34 middle-level managers to a control or an experimental group. Three months later, we reassessed the managers using their coworker ratings.
The approach focuses on maladaptive behaviors (addictive behaviors) by changing what it perceives to be the root cause of them (faulty thinking). The goal of the therapist is to encourage the clients to focus on their thoughts and actions. Advocates of this theory contend that only by modifying self-defeating thoughts and behavior patterns will the client truly be able to solve his or her own problems. Thus, the aim of the therapy is to eliminate troubling emotions or behaviors rather than to help patients gain insight into the underlying cause of their problems (Ford-Martin, 1999). Cognitive-behavioral family therapy (CBFT) is the extension model of CBT, however, it also focuses on the members of a family, considering them to be parts of a cohesive unit, and looking at such factors as interfamilial relationships, communication patterns, and other familial dynamics (Frey, 1999).
(Salkovskis, 2010) explains how cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) combines elements of cognitive and behavioural theories. Whereby the cause of distress is recognised in behaviourist terms ‘learned helplessness’ or ‘lack of positive reinforcement’ (Seligman et al, 1974) in conjunction with (Beck et al., 1976) cognitive theory of emotion. Roots of behaviour therapy lie in learning theories. Wolfe (1958) described a treatment called 'systematic desensitisation' involving the gradual introduction of increasing intense phobic stimuli, whilst offering sustained relaxation. This then evolved into 'graded exposure' involving the therapist encouraging the client to face their fears until they eradicate them.
Associate Level Material Appendix C Psychotherapy Matrix Directions: Review Module 36 of Psychology and Your Life. Select three approaches to summarize. Include examples of the types of psychological disorders appropriate for each therapy. |Psychodynamic Approach |Behavioral Approach |Cognitive Approach | |Summary of |This form of therapy tries to bring unresolved past |This approach assumes that both normal and abnormal |This approach tries to teach people to think in more | |Approach |conflicts from the unconscious to the conscious, where the|behaviors are learned. This form of therapy builds on a |adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions | | |patient can deal with the problems.
Cognitive therapies aim to identify, challenge and modify dysfunctional beliefs. Firstly, the therapy tackles obsessions, the therapist questions how patients interpret their beliefs, including why they think they are true and why they think their obsessions developed. These beliefs are then challenged and reinterpreted so the patient never has any activity that causes them anxiety. Then the therapist questions the patient’s value of their compulsion and will help them prove that their belief is false and this in turn helps control the
The three theories I chose to compare and contrast is Psychodynamic theory, Behavioral theory, and Personality and crime. Psychodynamic theory says that some people encounter problems in during their early development that cause an imbalance in their personality. People that have psychosis primitive impulses control their personality. Some have mood disorders and are fearful. They may say they hear voices telling them what to do.
Very detailed as the clients walks though different levels of feelings that start at the most intense feeling about a phobia or disorder and once a specific belief is resolved, beleifs are resolved until the phobia or the anxiety disorder is resolved. The goal of systematic desensitization is to expose gradually clients to phobias until it is relieved. This process cannot be applied to all phobias as some phobias may have deep psychological attachment that may require another form of therapy. Aversive conditioning or avoidance avoid objects or situations that's not favorable. With conditioning an individual learn to respond based on a negative or positive response from a stimuli.
An example given is the day the client was faced with someone calling him a name that is considered derogatory and degrading. The client quickly changed his focus to the person making the improper statement and his inadequacies’ for calling him such a name. The client accepted the feeling that he does get angry and that he has power to accept the sensation that tells him when to move away from trouble. After allowing himself to be open to others he chose not to accept the idea of being what the person was calling him. In this process the client displayed personal
| My paper will examine Symbolic Interactionism; a theory initiated by George Herbert Meade, and subsequently published through the eyes and understanding of his teachings, by his students, after his death in 1931. One student in particular, Herbert Blumer, is noted for coining the term Symbolic Interactionism in a1937 publication. (Loconto & Jones-Pruett, 2006) Symbolic Interactionism is an interpretive theory claiming that communication takes place between people through symbols, and their talking to, and with one another. (Griffin, 2009, p. 60) There are 3 fundamental axioms in Symbolic Interactionism: meaning, language, and thought; these 3 principles aid in an individual’s creation of self and their socialization into their community. Meaning is how a person constructs their social reality through interacting with others; people act towards others and situations based on the ‘meanings’ they have assigned to them.
Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Debbie Cooper PSY/360 April 1, 2013 Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Introduction Identifying some key milestones in the development of cognitive psychology as a form of discipline and how they pertain to psychology is discussed in this paper. The description of cognitive psychology, what it means for psychology, and its beginnings are crucial to understanding psychology. This research will describe how each milestone has added to the strength of cognitive psychology and will show the importance of cognitive psychology. The researcher will begin with the definition of cognitive psychology. The Definition Cognitive psychology broken down into its simplest form is essentially thinking psychology.