Ricinus communis (ricin) is one of the most deadly toxins that has been discovered. It is a protein toxin extracted from the castor bean plant and a single molecule can kill an entire cell. The mechanism of action is by destroying the ribosome within a cell, which prevents protein synthesis. The toxin works as a slow poison, eventually causing a total body failure, as necessary proteins are not replaced. This common toxin can be found in gardens and wild areas around the world and is wildly grown for the oil it produces.
If diagnosed early, botulism can be treated with an antitoxin. This antitoxin prevents the neurotoxin from circulating in the blood. Keywords: Botulism, types of botulism, symptoms Botulism Botulism is a very rare but serious neurological disease that is caused by the bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. It is a bacterium that occurs in the soil. (Chaudry, 2011, para.1) Botulism is a rare disease with four naturally occurring syndromes.
I will persuade you from 3 aspects, the influence on health and environment respectively, and the way to stop soda. Firstly, soda is extremely toxic and taking a great toll on our health. Obesity is the most obvious effect. Because soda contains too much sugar, for instance, there are 40.5 grams of sugar in a can of Coke, which is the equivalent of 10 teaspoons of sugar. Imagine eating 10 large, full spoonfuls of sugar; this will give you an idea of how much sugar you ingest with each can of soda.
Food Irradiation Food Irradiation is capable of improving the safety and quality of many foods. It is the process that emits high-energy rays passing through food products, virtually killing all harmful bacteria and parasites in or on the food. Yet, the food remains raw and undergoes only minor chemical changes. Foods are treated with ionizing radiation to accomplish many different goals, one being the delivery of raw meats and sprouts. There is no guarantee that raw ground beef or sprouts will be free of certain harmful bacteria.
Preservation is based predominantly on delaying or preventing the growth of microorganism, and less commonly, with the exception of thermal processing, an outright killing that is more typical of disinfection (Russell et al, 1999). There are several forms of food preservation methods such as smoking, freezing, dehydration, pasteurisation and as referred to in this essay, irradiation. Foods are processed and preserved to provide the consumer with a higher standard of product over a longer period of time, thus ensuring the product is of a quality nutritional standard for the shelf life period, during transportation and storage. The radiation used in food irradiation is called ionising radiation, this is due to the knocking of electrons from
Clostridium perfringens Clostridium perfringens is a bacteria which are Gram-positive, endospore-forming anaerobes, that appear to be rod-shaped. They lack flagella, but they can still migrate across surfaces using a type of gliding motility that involves the formation of filaments of bacteria lined up in an end-to-end conformation. Clostridium perfringens bacteria is most commonly found in soil, and it the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. (1,2) C. perfringens most commonly causes food poisoning, and various types of gangrene, infections from this bacteria can cause necrosis, bacteremia, and emphysematous cholecystitis. Back before the 1890’s Clostridium perfringens used to be known as Clostridium welchii.
DDT also known as dichloro-diphenly-trichloroethane is an organochlorine insecticide which is a white, crystalline solid, tasteless, almost odorless and was discovered in 1939 by Paul Hermann Muller. The synthetic chemical compound that was made in a laboratory can’t be dissolved in water however it is easily dissolved in organic solvents such as fats and oils. As a tendency to dissolve in fats, DDT can build up in the fatty tissues of animals that are out in the open. Amass build up, known as bioaccumulation, EPA described DDT as a persistent toxin because if it remains in certain sea creatures and the levels are often the highest in the body of animals near to the top of the food chain. Some people claim that DDT can cause serious health effects on humans such as liver cancer, nervous system damage, birth defects and other reproductive.
for much longer periods to kill all microbes.  Exposure in an oven for 2 hr. at 170*C.  Generally used for glasswares. -  Moist Heat :  Far more penetrating than dry heat hence more effective for killing microbes.  Steam under pressure is
Copper (II) sulfate is toxic to fish, and must be used wisely when eradicating pesky snails and fish parasites. To protect our water pipes, we use Copper (II) sulfate to keep evasive water plant roots at bay. This special Compound is also a helping hand in organic synthesis, reacting with potassium permanganate to make an oxidant for primary alcohols. At one point in the medical field Copper (II) sulfate was used as an emetic, which made a patient throw up immediately after consumption, but is now regarded too toxic for this use. The most interesting use most would say, is the way Roger Hiorns used 75,000 liters of Cu(II)SO4 to fill an apartment, and left it to solidify for many weeks.
Bacterial infections can usually be treated with anti-biotics however some types of bacteria can form a protective spore which can make them more resistant to heat and chemicals. The requirements for optimum growth are is a temperature of 37c, water, food, time, oxygen/ no oxygen. Common illnesses caused by bacteria are Salmonella, tuberculosis, MRSA, bronchitis, ear infections and tonsillitis. Virus-tend to be smaller than bacteria and in order for the cells to reproduce they need to be in a living host. The common way of treating a virus is through immunization as anti-biotics will not be effective against viral infections.