Chemical Proportionality Essay

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Introduction Seemingly basic chemistry principles established long ago are still crucial to understanding the more complex procedures in use today. Proportional reasoning is an old technique which will be demonstrated in this experiment. In addition to practicing procedure design, observing chemical reactions and applying proportional reasoning to mass and volume measurements, we will investigate chemical stoichiometry. The methods by which this will be accomplished are measuring concentrations to determine the mass to volume ratio to which an observable chemical reaction occurs between metal carbonate and an acid solution. Techniques to be practiced are: analytical balance, weighing by difference, volumetric glassware and significant figures. Procedure Part I * Form a group of 2-3 students * Obtain sodium carbonate in smallest beaker Part II * Add 10 mL of water to a beaker * Add small amount of sodium carbonate with spatula * Swirl solution to see if it dissolves * Add one drop of indicator and record the color of solution Part III * Complete 4 trials of various volumes of each of the three acid solutions. * Record the mass of sodium carbonated needed to react with the volume of each type of acid in a chart * Add one drop of indicator to each volume of acid before putting sodium carbonate into solution to observe reaction Part IV * Create tables containing the four solution volumes and mass of sodium carbonate required per volume * For each solution: * Find ratio of mass to volume for each trial * Compute average value of the ratio * Create a graph for each acid demonstrating mass per volume of acid solution. Draw best fit line through points and find the slope of that line * Also create one graph for each concentration of acid that displays the moles of acid in relation to the moles of

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