Chapter 7-10 Vocab Essay

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Bio Chapters 7-10 Vocab Chapter 7 DNA Structure and Gene Function DNA- a molecule with remarkable functions; it stores the information that each cell needs to produce protein Nucleotides-four bases of protein. Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine(C) Complementary- In DNA and RNA, the precise pairing of purines (A and G) to pyrimidine’s ( C,T, and U) Genome- is all of the genetic material in its cell Chromosome- long DNA molecules that associate closely with proteins Gene- is sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for specific protein or RNA molecule Transcription- a cell copies a genes DNA sequence to a commentary RNA molecule Translation- the information in RNA is used to manufacture a protein by joining a specific sequence…show more content…
Latent infection- does not produce disease symptoms, yet the viral genetic information is inside the cell Vaccine-“teaches” the immune system to recognize one or more molecular components of virus without actually exposing the person to the disease Viroid- is highly wound circle of RNA that lacks a protein coat; it is simply naked RNA that can infect a cell Notes 7.3 * Transcription produces an RNA copy of one gene. It is a three step process * 1 step is Initiation: enzymes unwind the DNA double helix exposing the template strand that encodes the RNA molecule. RNA polymerase (the enzyme that builds an RNA chain) binds to the promoter, a DNA sequence that signals the gene start. * Step 2 is Elongation: RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand, adding nucleotides to the growing RNA…show more content…
The chromosomes condense and become visible Metaphase II- the chromosomes align down the center of the cell Anaphase II- the centromeres part and the separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles Telophase II- nuclear envelopes form, and cytokinesis then separates the nuclei into individual cell Crossing over- is a process in which two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material Polyploid- an error in meiosis, gamete with one or more complete cells of extra chromosomes Nondisjunction- abnormality error, occurs when the chromosomes fail to separate at either the first or second meiotic

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