Chapter 20: the Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform Outline.

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Mr. Dunbar AP European History Chapter 20: The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform Outline Chapter Overview • The Congress of Vienna—which effectively ended the Napoleonic Era—was followed by a decade in which conservative political forces controlled virtually all of Europe. • Goal of the new system of balance of power was to maintain peace and prevent war • Major powers in Europe sought to maintain the authority of monarchies and aristocracies after the turmoil of the French Revolution and Napoleon • Differing views on the demarcation of national borders o Nationalists wanted borders drawn according to boundaries of ethnicity or nationalities. o Liberals sought moderate political reform and freer economic markets ▪ French Revolution in 1830 and a sweeping reform bill passed through Parliament were victories for European liberals o Conservatives wanted to preserve the traditional order and dominated much of the first half of the nineteenth century. ▪ Russia and eastern Europe continued to resist political and social change Section One: The Challenges of Nationalism and Liberalism • Section Overview o Historians often refer to the nineteenth century as the great age of “…isms” that includes nationalism, liberalism, republicanism, socialism, and communism. • The Emergence of Nationalism o Nationalism ▪ Definition—as a political outlook, nationalism is the relatively modern concept that a nation is composed of people who are joined together by the bonds of a common language, as well as common customs, culture, and history, and who, because of these bonds, should be administered by the same government. • Ethnic and political boundaries should coincide. o Opposition to the Vienna Settlement ▪ Vienna contended that
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