Cause and Effect the First Great American Awakening

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The number of Americans actually converted during the Awakening is hard to ascertain. Early estimates ranged from several thousand to half a million, although the latter figure is quite high given a total colonial population around one million in 1740. In New England, where again records are best, the years of revival witnessed a marked increase in the number of people joining the church (often the only reliable guide to measure conversions). The Connecticut churches, for example, admitted on the average about eight people each per year in 1739 and 1740, but then about thirty-three per year in 1741 and 1742. Similar gains took place in Massachusetts. The picture changes somewhat, however, if long-term trends are analyzed. Very soon after the revival the average number of admissions dropped considerably below where they had been in the 1730s. While it is true that these figures do not fully reflect the formation of new "Separate" and Baptist churches, they do seem to suggest that revival did not drastically increase the total number of people actually joining the church with a profession of faith over the entire period, 1730-1750. It seems rather to have concentrated church admissions in the years of its great impact. The one imponderable with these figures is the question whether conversions and admissions to church would have continued at their old rate without a revival. It is possible that the Awakening, while not increasing the rate of conversion when calculated over the long run, did keep that rate at its former level when it otherwise might have fallen. For the other colonies it is very difficult to obtain accurate figures for the revival's effect. In the midd e colonies, the Presbyterians who favored revival did grow much more rapidly than those who did not. In 1741 there were about twenty-five prorevival Presbyterian
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