As exemplified in the stimulus, an appreciation of the Australian dollar, however, can have adverse effects on volumes of imports and international competitiveness. For this, there is a possibility of some industries to struggle. It is important to be able to measure the value of the Australian dollar for many reasons, that range from being able to make an informed business decision or, propose government initiatives and stances. A useful way of measuring the value of the AUD is through using the trade weighted index. The trade weighted index is a weighted average of a basket of currencies that reflects the importance of the sum of Australia's exports and imports of goods by country.
The weaknesses that Kudler may face would be the financial burden of going public. Sometimes expenses pile up just from seeking help from outsiders to protect the investments. The economy has fluctuated over the years; therefore the company needs to ensure they have contingency plans in place when business may not be as stable. There are ample opportunities that can come about from selecting an IPO. A company's debt-to-equity ratio will usually improve after going public, which tends to result in more favorable financing arrangements (2014, Going Public, para 1).
This method is limited by the RBA’s holding of different currencies as well as competing with foreign investors. Another way the RBA manipulates the foreign exchange market is through the indirect intervention of monetary policy. This is done by raising or lowering interest rates in order to influence foreign savings in Australia to either increase or decrease the demand for the dollar. Jawboning is another form of indirect intervention that is the use of official personnel to make a statement or judgement on the Australian dollar forecast in order to influence speculation decisions into Australia. The officials state their opinion on the appropriate value of the Australian dollar which will influence decisions on whether to invest into Australia or
Conclusion The recommendation for Future Policy Makers should continue to improve the policies, and procedures that are associated with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Lawmakers should address high costs, associated fees and should allow flexibility on time commitment of firms with production and creativities. An organization goal is to make profit. SOX intrude on potential gaining in organizations. No companies should suffer because high auditing fees.
The basic ideas of the monetary policy and economic stabilization policy were foreign at the time, dating only from John Maynard Keynes' work in 1936 (Keynes, 2011). These rates influence financial conditions in the household and the ability to secure and spend more money. Short-term rates alter borrowing costs for firms, households, and the spending circulation cycle is affected. Movements in short-term directly affect long-term notes such as bonds and mortgages. These factors indicate current and future values of the short-term rates, therefore it creates issue with future long-term rates.
Because these loans are IOUs, they can be offset by printing more money. This gives central banks an unlimited supply of money. Overdoing this will lead to inflation that hurts the economy (Colander, 2010, p. 406). One problem in government accounting is how they classify debt and expenditures. Accounting addresses several ways a business may classify an expenditure and depreciation over time.
Since, the FED set the interest rate in which the banks borrow from, Edgars’ ability to borrow enough money or establish a line of credit to start his business will be affected by inflation, interest rate and financial policies. However, in some situations, an unanticipated inflation can benefit Edgar, as this type of situation whenever inflation rates are underestimated for the life of a loan, the bank loses and Edgar will
A more difficult and time consuming effort Huffman could take to reduce exchange rate risk is to spin the rate to your advantage (Prinzel, 2013). This means when USD exchange rates are high, Huffman would need to ensure their customers are aware of the benefits they could be receiving in discounts. Relative to Huffman Trucking’s benefit with this approach, they could buy foreign exchanges when rates are low, similarly taking advantage of the same benefits their customers would
Although the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed by Congress for positive reasons, there are many disadvantages that come along with it. A major issue is the cost of regulation, especially for smaller companies. Expanding internal controls delay the timeliness of financial statements by adding processing time to accounting functions. To follow the SOX, companies would need to separate duties, causing an increase in personnel. The SOX also calls for additional audits which increase business costs.
It uses Public money unnecessarily and is unfair to taxpayers. It makes financial reform going forward much more difficult. Protecting the markets for derivative products like CDOs and CDSs allows for a repeat of the risky practices that got us into the current crisis. And finally, by guaranteeing the corporate existence of large banks, we are maintaining their power and priorities and thus are not likely to see gains on predatory lending, foreclosure abuse, and other areas where reform is sorely needed. If we want to help the people who are suffering in this crisis and recession, then we should make financial policies with them directly in mind.