Winnicot’s (1953) work on mothers and infants demonstrated the important for mothers to be emotionally ready to be a ‘good enough mother’ by having tolerance of waiting out a child’s frustration and the confidence in providing satisfaction (Oates, 2005). Bowlby ultimately was influenced by work from the Robertson’s. The Robertson’s (1989) studied separation anxiety in children (Oates, 2005). The behaviour of the child once separated from their parents reflected how strong the attachment is. The combination of winncot and the Robertson’s work inspired Bowlby attachment theory (Oates,
On this test the abusing mothers indicated a high current level of attachment disorder, primarily anxious attachment, but with some tendency toward detachment as well. Thus the abusing mothers in the study demonstrated their overall sensitivity to separation, especially mild separation, and their feelings of helplessness anxiety, and anger in response to significant separation experiences. DeLozier suggest that these findings support the prediction that the abusing mothers in the study have experienced difficulty in their childhood attachments and in the development of internal representations of significant others as accessible and reliable, resulting in consequent adult attachment difficulties as well as in possible difficulties in the development of appropriate care-taking behaviour. There are implications that DeLozier perceives from her research and she summarises them as
In this paper Bowlbys theory ofattachment and child care will be outlined along with additions from othertheorists such as Rutter and Ainsworth. From this we will see how the evolutionof the family unit since 1950s has been affected by such theories along withwelfare policy and social theorists which have influenced family life and childcare practices in the UK. Bowlby described attachment as thebond that develops between a baby and its primary caregiver. It ischaracterised by the interaction patterns which develop in order to fulfil the infants'needs and emotional development. Bowlby noted the apparent distress in childrenseparated from their mothers in unusual circumstances e.g.
Ainsworth’s strange situation The strange situation was an experiment carried out by Mary Ainsworth to measure and test the nature of attachment between an infant and their caregiver. The strange situation (SS) was used to look at how infants react under a stressful situation e.g. separated from caregiver (causing separation anxiety) and also the presence of a stranger (stranger anxiety). Furthermore it aimed to encourage infants to explore. There were a panel of experienced judges that observed the behaviours that were observed between the infants and caregivers.
In which he offered his hypothesis on attachment and its importance between mother and child. In the following chapters we will explore what exactly he is stating, what is mother love? When he talks about its importance on a ‘child’s mental health’, what assertions is he making and do others agree with him, do they accept his techniques and hypothesis? Bowlby’s report was controversial but it influenced changes within health care, social work and in parenting. His report was influenced by Lorenz’s (1935) ethological studies of imprinting and his subsequent theory that attachment was innate.
For babies and infants this would be the primary care giver, normally the mother. This is called monotropy and to help form this bond infants use things called social releasers which are simply things like giggling or copying others to attract attention, these are positive social releasers things that make you think that you want that to happen again but there are also negative social releasers, such as crying, that make you want them to stop and so you attempt to find and fix the problem. Whatever the differences both kinds achieve their aim of attracting your attention. Bowlby suggested that, like other biological processes, attachment has a Critical period in which to form the bond. He believed that in this case the most likely case scenario was that you had to form an attachment within the first two and a half years of your life or not
“Placement Shift, Sibling Relationship Quality, and Child Outcomes in Foster Care: A Review” Abstract: The study sought to investigate sibling unity and its affect on child behavior problems while in the foster care system. The study tried to find support for the long held protective policy of placing siblings together. In the study of 156 maltreated children, siblings were in one of three placement groups: continuously together, continuously apart, or disrupted placement. Changes in child adjustment as a function of sibling relationship and placement group were examined. Positivity and negativity between siblings and individual behavior problems were noted before placement and observed upon follow-up.
Task B A.) Personal factors Health, a child who has ill health may spend time in hospital and miss schooling, this would affect the child in education on all levels including emotional & social aspects of making friends etc. also conditions like asthma which can be triggered by certain conditions could affect a child’s physical development. Influences before and at birth, a babies development can be affected whilst still in the womb of the mother i.e. if the mother smokes, drinks or abuses drugs the baby could be harmed at this time or even if the maternal anxiety & stress could influence development.
Anencephalic Infants Britney Moore Abnormal Psychology April 28, 2012 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show the ethical dilemmas that are involved in health care today in regards to organ transplantation especially in anencephalic infants. This topic interests me because it is an abnormal neural tube defect that affects infants in today’s society. While reading about Rett’s Disorder I found there are similarities between the two disorders. For example both Rett’s Disorder and Anencephaly infants have abnormally small heads and they either lose the ability to use motor skills and talk or never are able to do either. Both also affect mostly girls and the child loses the ability to properly function.
Bowlby argued that the attachment behaviours in both caregivers and babies evolved ensuring the survival of the baby until maturity and reproduce. Babies produce instincts like crying and smiling which encourages the caregiver to look after it. Parents especial mothers as per to Bowlby have instincts to protect their baby from harm and nurture them ensuring their survival until maturity. Those babies and mother who don’t possess these behaviours have been less successful. A second most important concept in Bowlby’s theory was the idea of monotrophy a single attachment to one person who is most important to the baby.