Investigation of the effect of Substrate concentration on Catalase activity Research Question: To investigate enzyme kinetics, using catalase enzyme from the yeast extract. Background Information: Enzymes are proteins which catalyze reactions that take place in the body or they increase the rate of the biological reactions. In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the substrate binds to the active site and forms the enzyme-substrate complex with the enzyme. The enzyme breaks the bonds present in the substrate; the final product of this reaction leaves the enzyme which remains unchanged after the reaction. Catalase is a substance which is produced by the liver to break down hydrogen peroxide.
In an enzyme-catalyst reaction, the substrate binds to the active site and forms an enzyme-substrate complete with the enzyme. (Heller, H. Craig., Gordon H. Orians, William K. Purves, and David Sadava).The enzyme then breaks the bonds in the structure of the substrate. The products of the reaction then leave the enzyme which remains unchanged after the reaction. The enzyme of this experiment was the yeast Peroxidase and the substrate of the experiment was hydrogen peroxide which was diluted by water.
Digestive enzymes are hydrolytic enzymes. Their substances, or the molecules on which they act are organic food molecules which they breakdown by adding water to the molecular bonds, thus cleaving the bonds between the subunits or monomers. Digestive enzymes can function outside the body cells; their activity can be studied by test tubes (Marieb and Mitchell 2010). This experiment attempts to re-create the breakdown process that is normally done via digestion with Iodine as a vital component. It can be expected that once amylase reacts with the starch, maltose will then be broken down and less starch will be visible and more sugar will be apparent thus causing the solution mixed with iodine to become lighter and lighter.
The breakers are a part of the enzyme structure. What they do is originally the substrate comes in one and fits inside the active site but what the breakers does is it breaks the substrate in to two parts which fit into the active site. It just basically breaks the substrate into two parts that is why it is called the breakers. The builders. What the builders do is build the substrate if it was broken in to two.
This is where the reactions occurs. From there the enzyme breaks the bond in the substrate and the enzyme can continue to repeat the process. Catalase is an enzyme found in almost all living organisms. In the human body it is an enzyme that is produced by our liver to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Even though hydrogen peroxide is naturally produced by our body as a byproduct of our metabolic process, it is very toxic to our body.
In this case, the most effective factor is the reactant concentration, where the reactant is the enzyme. Enzymes are composed of proteins; therefore their characteristics reflect the properties of proteins which are extremely interesting properties that make enzymes little chemical-reaction machines. The purpose of an enzyme in a cell is to allow the cell to carry out chemical reactions very quickly. These reactions allow the cell to build things or take things apart as needed. This is how a cell grows and reproduces.
Various enzymes have unique shape and chemical composition that creates a site, called and active site. This is to allow connection between the enzyme and other molecules called substrates. The shape and chemical makeup of the active site provides an area for part of the substrate to connect with the enzyme. (Farabee, 2010) Part of the active site holds the substrate and part catalyzes the reaction. Some enzymes act on one substrate only, while other enzymes act on a family of related molecules.
Enzymes are proteins that are used to speed up these reactions without being consumed by them. The activity of these enzymes can be altered by changing their environments, such as enzyme specificity (speed only a reaction that contains their substrate), increasing and decreasing temperature, concentration level, or adjusting the pH level. Catalase is a catalyst that digests potent hydrogen peroxide and converts it into H2O and O. It is due to this hydrogen peroxide digesting ability that we used catalase in this experiment. To record the role that environment plays in the reaction of an enzyme, we exposed the enzyme to various changes in temperature, concentration, and pH.
Catalase Lab Report Introduction Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of reactions that would otherwise happen more slowly. Enzymes work by fitting into certain substrates to lower the energy needed for the process to work. This is similar to the lock and key. The key being the substrate and the lock being the enzyme. If the substrate (key) doesn’t fit it won’t work with the enzyme (lock).
5. Describe how temperature and pH affect sucrase activity. Introduction Enzymes are usually protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. A catalyst greatly increases the speed of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy necessary to get the reaction started without itself being altered or consumed. On the surface of the enzyme is an active site that temporarily binds the reactants or substrates forming an enzyme-substrate complex.