The concept of Locus of control which was made by Rotter in 1966 refers to individual differences in people’s beliefs and expectations about what controls events in their lives. There are two extremes: internal locus which is the belief that what happens is largely under one’s own control (associated with the belief that one can control much of one’s life and succeed in stressful or difficult situations). The other extreme is external locus which is the belief that what happens to one is controlled by external factors such as luck and fate (associated with the tendency to face stressful situations with a more passive and fatalistic attitude). There are a few studies that have looked at the relationship between locus of control and independent versus obedient behaviour. Holland in 1967 investigated this relationship when he ran various variations of Milgram’s procedure.
It assumes that human problems come from operating on faulty, irrational beliefs. Some of these beliefs are conscious but many are not. Behavior Theory suggests that human actions are the results of what we have learned or been conditioned to do and that when these actions are reinforced consistently, by either reward or punishment, they become the basis of functioning in our lives. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy recognizes that thoughts and behaviors are connected and addresses both in its model. CBT is a problem-solving/task-centered approach which recognizes and challenges illogical and faulty beliefs in an effort to change negative or destructive behavior.
For example, one psychologist may use descriptive psychopathology to which will strive to provide answers for symptoms or mental illness. Either way, psychopathology is formally used to study mental illness or the distresses which may be affecting an individual. The issues of the abnormal psychology will assist in the study by the way we would use it in the attempt to capture interest, trigger concerns, and demands our attention. It also brings us to form and ask certain questions pertaining to any study. Psychopathology is not the same as psychopathy, which has to do with antisocial
What is ‘Attributional’ therapy in your own words (5) 1 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a form of psychotherapy developed from a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy. The aim of CBT is to change unhealthy/faulty thinking and behaviours. The approach is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings and the resulting behaviours rather than external events. By identifying and challenging unhealthy or faulty thinking patterns and beliefs the thinking patterns can be replaced by more rational and healthy alternatives. 2 CBT can be used with many different problem areas including depression, anxiety, anger and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
Cognitive therapies aim to identify, challenge and modify dysfunctional beliefs. Firstly, the therapy tackles obsessions, the therapist questions how patients interpret their beliefs, including why they think they are true and why they think their obsessions developed. These beliefs are then challenged and reinterpreted so the patient never has any activity that causes them anxiety. Then the therapist questions the patient’s value of their compulsion and will help them prove that their belief is false and this in turn helps control the
Very detailed as the clients walks though different levels of feelings that start at the most intense feeling about a phobia or disorder and once a specific belief is resolved, beleifs are resolved until the phobia or the anxiety disorder is resolved. The goal of systematic desensitization is to expose gradually clients to phobias until it is relieved. This process cannot be applied to all phobias as some phobias may have deep psychological attachment that may require another form of therapy. Aversive conditioning or avoidance avoid objects or situations that's not favorable. With conditioning an individual learn to respond based on a negative or positive response from a stimuli.
Some individuals feel that group therapy may be too threatening because you are letting other individuals know your business and you may feel uncomfortable about that. Another con is group therapy specifically for anxiety disorders and that may not be provided in the area that you life in (Schneier & Welkowitz, 1996). Individual therapy provides individuals greater availability, one-on-one attention and a greater focus on your specific issues. Individual therapy has been a treatment of choice for the one who are suffering (Schneier & Welkowitz,
These theories are different because Psychodynamic theory deals with mental disorders such as schizophrenia, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and nonschizophrenia psychotic disorders. These people hear voices in their heads telling them what to do, as for people with behavioral disorder do what they were praised for doing as a child and with a personality disorder, they lacked the love and attention and do what they see
Cognitive Restructuring Often, the student with EBD can experience cognitive distortions that place unrealistic demands on them and others, resulting in anxiety, depression, and anger from unrealistic fears. They can minimize or maximize situations and be reacting to experiences, or perceived experiences that are not really happening, due to past experiences. It is how they perceive the current situation due to experiencing their old emotions from past similar experiences. Violent behaviors can result, but students can be educated to recognize these unrealistic thoughts. Approaches such as a rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) can teach the student how to discern cognitively the new experiences from the old experience in order to be
This treatment is used to treat many emotional problems particularly irrational fears (phobias). Systematic desensitisation is led by a therapist and a different and unique method is used in this treatment which is called a fear hierarchy; this consists of the therapist and the client working together to link in rank from lowest to highest of what they fear the least about their anxiety provoking event or stimuli to what situation they may fear the most. Then the therapist helps the client by teaching them relaxation techniques whilst put in the first stage of the stressful anxiety provoking stimuli of their hierarchy and then the client eventually learns to relax in that situation and they work through the hierarchy until the top which would be the most anxiety provoking situation of the hierarchy and if the clients anxiety levels are normal and they feel relaxed at this stage then that means that they are cured of their phobia and irrational fear. So the method of systematic desensitisation involves extinction by gradually exposing the anxiety provoking stimuli to the client until they can relax in that situation. The success of this treatment is shown in the study conducted by Kazdin and Wilcoxon 1976 which showed that the principles of extinction and exposure are the bases of systematic