Experiment #9 Youngju Jeon With Tenzin Yingsal &Maria Sedrak November 13 Cyclohexene from Dehydration of Cyclohexanol 08 Fall Introduction: Dehydration of an alcohol to give alkenes is important transformation and is an example of elimination reaction. Strong mineral acids such as sulfuric a phosphoric acid catalyze the reaction (Wade, L. G. ). Dehydration of an alcohol can follow either the E2 or E1 mechanism. However, in each case, acid is required as a catalyst, because OH- is a strong base, it is a poor leaving group. But HOH is a weaker base, and better leaving group.
Gasoline, derived from a limited fossil fuel, producing a relatively low octane, and causing many foreign disputes may still be a better choice than water-attracting ethanol that will require change to an entire industry. Ethanol is the alcohol you find in your favorite adult beverage. According to the dictionary, “Ethanol has many uses as a solvent, a raw material, an extraction medium, an antifreeze, an antiseptic, and a gasoline additive and substitute” (Merriam-Webster). Gasoline and ethanol can then both be referred to as “gas” by modern definition. Both are effective methods to release stored potential energy in an internal combustion engine and provide power to move a vehicle.
As the solvent moves up the paper, it carries along any substances dissolved in it, which are the pigments. The heavier the pigments the slower they move and they do not travel as far. Going in order from the heaviest to the lightest: Chlorophyll b, Chlorophyll a, Xanthophylls, and Carotene, which means that the lighter the pigment the better the substance is in dissolving in solvents. Photosynthesis
The purpose of this lab is to determine which of these drinks is more dense than the other. Problem: How can one determine which is more dense than the other, and what calculations, tools and measurements are needed and required to find out? Hypothesis: I think that the Classic Coke is more dense because it has a lot more ingredients and the amount of some ingredients in it, rather than the Diet Coke because even though the Diet Coke has more ingredients mixed in, the amounts differ significantly. Procedure/Materials: As mentioned in the intro, I was attempting to find the density of both sodas and determining which one is more dense than the other. To do that, I needed: A graduated cylinder, a beaker, a calculator and a weight scale, along with small amounts of Classic Coke and Diet Coke.
The work is important because to determinate the ethanol content of the beer which is important and the manufacture must declare the alcohol content to the consumer and pay duty to customs and the needs to be investigated is the ethanol content of the beer using Gas Liquid Chromatography and to be able to quantify by external standardization using an external standard standardization using internal standard which can improve the accuracy. A can of larger, ethanol and proan-1-ol has been giving during the experiment. The Gas Liquid Chromatography detector response using the integrator has been already set to operate for the analysis of ethanol in beer are carbon wax 20m packed polar phase column at 80C, a flame ionisation detector at 150C and nitrogen carrier gas in order to carry out the experiment. The aim of the experiment is to determine, accurately, the ethanol content of a can of beer by gas liquid chromatography using external standardisation, with an internal standard. The work is important because to determinate the ethanol content of the beer which is important and the manufacture must declare the alcohol content to the consumer and pay duty to customs and
It is known that chlorine is more electronegative than bromine, and thus chlorine is more reactive, and less discriminatory as to what it will react with, thus making bromine more “selective”. Another pertinent piece of information to look at would be stability. The stability of a free radical increases as the number of carbon substituents increases. Therefore, primary is the least stable and tertiary is the most stable. Also, the more stable the free radical that is left behind, the weaker its C-H bond strength will be.
For free radical formation, the more highly substituted the carbon atom is (methyl > primary > secondary >tertiary), the less energy it will require (Wade 2010). However we will only be dealing with primary and secondary carbons in this report. One of the major effects that the chloro substituent has on the reactivity of hydrogen
With the use of this technique we placed chlorine, bromine, and iodine into solutions containing chloride, bromide, and iodide. In the reaction the free halogen (X2) oxidizes the other halide ion (Y-) and gets reduced by gaining electron(s). In table 3, chlorine was the strongest oxidizing agent and iodine was the weakest oxidizing agent. Since chlorine was the strongest oxidizing agent it will react more and the weak agent will react less. This explanation can be demonstrated in table 3 also because the results of the reactions demonstrates that chloride reacted more by the color of the product compared to the color of chloride in the mineral oil.
Too much water added resulted in a high viscosity and low elasticity. In order for the PVA and borax to turn into solutions, high temperatures were set. Room temperature was not enough to form solutions, which is why a stove was used. The borax solution was the cross-linking agent due to the formation of boric acid, which accepts the OH- molecule in the PVA solution. Hydrogen bonding linked the borax solution and PVA together.
Removing VLCSFA from the diet eliminates any external contribution to the total VLCSFA blood level. Lorenzo’s Oil, made of monounsaturated fatty acids (good fatty acids), causes Competitive Inhibition to occur. The same enzyme complex that elongates fatty acid chains becomes occupied with the production of monounsaturated fatty acids. The enzyme complex cannot produce both types of fatty acids simultaneously. Therefore the two kinds of fatty acids compete for same enzyme complex; however, monounsaturated fatty acids are formed in greater concentration than VLCSFA.