Week 5 Forum Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Date The amygdala and hippocampus are the main parts of the brain whose responsibility is the regulation of memory. The amygdala is divided into two, the right and left hemispheres. The right hemisphere is responsible for negative emotions like fear and sadness while the left hemisphere induces both the pleasant and unpleasant emotions when stimulated. These hemispheres have independent memory systems but they work together to encode, store and interpret information. The hippocampus on the other side is responsible for the production of corticosteroids (chemicals that produce physiological responses to stimuli).
Unit 8 – M1, M2 & D1 – M1 – Analyse the contribution of these different psychological perspectives to the understanding and management of challenging behaviour – The Biological Approach – This approach aims to explain all behaviour and experience in terms of how the body processes. When you feel stressed this usually involves several sensations such as your heart pounding and your palms sweating, these are physical symptoms created by the nervous system reacting. Your experiences, such as stress are caused by a biological process. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system which is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. The central nervous system the brain and spinal cord contain about 12 billion nerve cells/neurons.
• The amygdala is an almond-shaped structure in the brain What it does? • amygdalae are essential to your ability to feel certain emotions and to perceive them in other people. • The amygdala is our internal guardian angel • Physical respond associated with fear is often called the "fight or flight" reaction • amygdala is the source of all emotions both pleasant and unpleasant, • The amygdala is designed to help us to make efficient decisions in keeping with our purpose. • The way our brains are wired makes it virtually impossible to reach decisions without emotions. What happens if it gets damage?
Endogenous pacemakers are body clocks that are internal to our biological systems, the most important being the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which is sensitive to light and receives information via the optic nerve and send this info to the pineal gland, which controls the production of melatonin. Melatonin is vital to the sleep-wake cycle because the hormone induces sleep by inhibiting the brain mechanisms that promote wakefulness. Circadian rhythms are also controlled by exogenous zeitgebers, which are external factors that give an indication of time e.g. daylight, therefore controlling the biological rhythm to be in time with the world. Research has been conducted into the role of endogenous pacemakers by removing external cues from participants by using temporal isolation methods and allowing the free-running biological clock to run unaffected.
University of Phoenix Material Biology and Behavior Worksheet Respond to the following questions in 150-200 words each. 1. Select a hormone and describe how it affects the mind and body. Describe a situation where you experienced this effect. Cortisol is released when an individual is mentally stressed.
The reptilian brain, the oldest of the three, controls the body's vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, body temperature and balance. Our reptilian brain includes the main structures found in a reptile's brain: the brainstem and the cerebellum. The reptilian brain is reliable but tends to be somewhat rigid and compulsive. The limbic brain emerged in the first mammals. It can record memories of behaviours that produced agreeable and disagreeable experiences, so it is responsible for what are called emotions in human beings.
After this breakthrough, there was a race between research teams to try and pinpoint where exactly the biological clock was in the hypothalamus. In 1972, Stephan and Zucker and Moore and Eichler - two independent research teams – both systematically ablated different regions of the hypothalamus, finding that removal of the suprachiasmatic nucleus led to the destruction of the sleep wake cycle. Both teams concluded that the internal clock is located in the
The right hemisphere is believed to process the central aspects of a situation, and the left the finer details. This was verified by giving the volunteers propranolol, a beta-blocker which dampens activation of the amygdala and weakens recall of emotionally arousing memories. Men then found it harder to remember the gist of the films, and women found it harder to recall details. A hemispheric difference in electrical response to emotional material can be detected in the sexes at 300 milliseconds, long before they have time to interpret what they have seen. These discoveries may have implications for the treatment of stress and mental disorders (Cahill).
The hypothalamus is a small but important section of the brain located just above your brainstem and slightly below the thalamus. The hypothalamus’ primary function is homeostasis and producing hormones, but is involved in many important functions in your body such as behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine functions. The hypothalamus also controls things like body temperature, sleep cycles, energy levels, food cravings, thirst, water preservation, release of hormones, hormone regulation, and much more. One other thing the hypothalamus controls is metabolism. Along with controlling your food cravings, hunger, and thirst, the hypothalamus controls your metabolism.
The cochlea is full of liquid and lined with cells that have tiny hair cells on them which are the start of the auditory nerve. The vibrations make ripples in the liquid that is in the cochlea and the ripples move the very tiny and sensitive hair cells. The hair cells carry this information through the auditory nerve to the brain which then interprets what we actually hear. The semicirular canals control our balance, each of the three canals sense a different movement ie; upwards, downwards, sideways. If we spin around quickly the fluid in these canals moves around quickly and if we then stop we can feel slightly dizzy until the fluid settles down again in the canals.