The way Bach uses basso continuo in his music is what makes Bach’s style distinct from Vivaldi’s. A style is a way in which something is done, expressed or performed and everyone has his or her own unique style in doing something or in this case, music. Basso continuo is a system of notation, which, means “continuous bass” in Italian. In this system, a composer writes only the melody and bass, leaving it to the performers to fill in the appropriate chords or inner parts. The bass and chords were played on one or more continuo instruments, typically harpsichord, organ or lute.
Write a brief history of opera from Monteverdi to Lully. With its small beginnings lying around the 1600s, opera became the principle genre of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and has remained at the helm of music ever since. In the early stages of opera only a few composers, such as Jacopo Peri and Guilio Caccini, had composed any form opera. It was when Claudio Monteverdi composed his first opera, L’Orfeo that opera took off as an art. Composers such as Luigi Rossi, Jean Baptiste Lully and Francesco Cavalli, who were influenced by Monteverdi’s genius, followed closely behind.
The development begins with sudden fury, but is quickly extinguished for the arrival of an unexpected and early recapitulation. The second movement uses louvering, a compositional device that utilizes one instrument at the beginning of a melody and then passes the rest of the phrase to another voice in the ensemble. This triple metered lyrical movement uses chains of suspensions to feature tension and release in the movement. The third movement is the canonic minuet with a canon in inversion. This counterpoint masterpiece demonstrates some of Mozarts most serious compositional techniques.
- Baroque had a negative connotation: It signified distortion, excess, and extravagance... except when we get to Vivaldi and Bach. -The Doctrine of Affections held that different musical moods could and should be used to influence the emotions, or affections of the listener. -Musicians spoke of the need to dramatize the text yet maintain a single effection--be it rage, revenge, sorrow, joy, or love--from beginning to end of a piace. - The single most important new genre to emerge in the Baroque period was opera. - The Baroque gave rise to a remarkable variety of musical style, ranging from the expressive monody of Claudio monteverdi (1567-1643) to the complex polyphony of J.S.
August 13, 2013 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina is an Italian composer who was born in Palestrina, Italy (the ancient Praeneste) at the foot of the Sabine mountains, in 1526. He was a roman catholic who died February 2 1594 in Rome, Italy. He was a composer in the renaissance period and left hundreds of compositions, including 104 masses, 68 offertories, more than 300 motets, at least 72 hymns, 35 magnificats, 11 litanies, 4 or 5 sets of lamentations, at least 140 madrigals and 9 organ ricercari. His compositions are typified as very clear, with voice parts well balanced and beautifully harmonized. Palestrina established and followed these strict guidelines: the flow of music is dynamic, not rigid or static, melody should contain few leaps between notes., if a leap occurs, it must be small and immediately countered by opposite stepwise motion and dissonances are either passing note or off the beat.
The church began to use English in services rather than Latin, however Queen Elizabeth allowed Latin to be used in some sacred music (Burkholder, Grout, Palisca, 222). Polyphony was also still used. One composer in the early sixteenth century was John Taverner. He was the first organist of Christ Church in Oxford. Unlike Byrd, he was known only a composer of church music, composing ‘masses and motets with long melismas, full textures, and cantus-firmus structures.’ (222) Coming after Taverner was the English composer Thomas Tallis, who was said to have taught Byrd.
Benedictus, the next movement included a solo quartet. Agnus Dei followed that movement, and again was choral. In finishing up the piece, Lux Aeterna had a solo soprano which was ended by Cum Sanctis Tuis which was all choral. It was a very good piece of music, and was very
On the repeat, the soloist joins the orchestra.) VOCAL MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD OPERA 1) 2) 3) 4) DRAMA THAT IS SUNG IT COMBINES VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC WITH PEOTRY AND DRAMA, ACTING AND PANTOMIME, SCENERY AND COSTUMES IT USES A) SOLOISTS B) ENSEMBLES C) CHORUS D) ORCHESTRA E) SOMETIMES DANCING ELEMENTS OF OPERA A) RECITATIVE (EXPLANATIONS NECESSARY TO THE PLOT) B) ARIA (RELEASES THE EMOTIONAL TENSION. THIS IS WHERE THE SINGER SHOWS OFF THEIR VIRTUOSITY C) OVERTURE (USUALLY BEGINS OPERA AND NEW ACTS D) INTERLUDES (KNOWN AS SINFONIAS DURING PERIODBOCCUR BETWEEN SCENES) E) LIBRETTOBTHE WORDS SUNG DURING THE OPERA WERE WRITTEN BY ANOTHER PERSON CALLED A LIBRETTIST) ORATORIO 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) DESCENDED FROM THE RELIGIOUS PLAY-WITH-MUSIC FIRST ONES WERE SACRED OPERAS LATER ONES LEFT THE STAGE LARGE SCALE MUSICAL WORKS (GENERALLY BASED ON A BIBLICAL STORY) PERFORMED IN A CHURCH OR HALL WITHOUT SCENERY, ACTING, OR COSTUMES
The development and the recapitulation manipulates the motive over and over again before pausing for an oboe solo which briefly halts the momentum of the music. The coda features a dominant-tonic harmony battling with the percussion emphasizing the beat. The second movement is in theme and variation form; as the form suggested, the movement features two different pastoral themes which becomes four simple elegant variations. The motive is heard during the variations, interrupting the peaceful mood until the basses create a powerful note heralding the return of the variations. The second movement ends with the bassoon and an accelerated passage in the coda.
Art History II 4/22/2009 Museum Assignment For the museum assignment I choose to compare and contrast the following two examples of Italian renaissance art. The renaissance or re-birth was a cultural change that spanned from about the 14th through the 17th centuries. The renaissance began in Italy; it emphasized learning based on classical sources. The two works of art were altarpieces; an altarpiece is a picture or relief representing a religious subject suspended in a frame behind the altar of a church. Altarpieces were commonly commissioned to artists during the renaissance in Italy.