Arguments for Socialism

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The 18th and 19th centuries were a time of rapid change in Europe and this was largely because of the effects of the Industrial Revolution. The main proponents of socialism were the workers and several intellectuals in the 18th and 19th centuries. Some of the intellectuals from that time included the Frenchmen Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier as well as the Englishman Charles Owen. They proposed different types of socialism. Socialism impacted Western Europe as a counter to the ideology of liberalism and it continues to impact the world today as aspects of socialism are part of not just European nations, but also part of the United States. The Industrial Revolution lead to an influx of new ideologies as societies began rapidly changing with the new increases in technology that spurred changes in lifestyles. The so-called Big Bang of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt’s invention of the steam engine. Steam engines saw widespread commercial use driving machinery in factories, mills, and mines, and later in propelling transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships, and road vehicles. The use of the steam engine in agriculture lead to an increase in the land available for cultivation. The increases in factories and the jobs available because of this lead to mass movement of workers into the cities where the factories were located. This lead to overcrowding in these cities and unsanitary conditions. A working class consciousness also came about as workers developed a sense of themselves as a group or class and one that had common interests and common problems (which management and owners were often considered to be). Out of this consciousness came the outgrowth of the ideologies of socialism and communism. As new social and political conflicts disrupted existing class structures, the ideology of socialism became more appealing. Urban factory workers were
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