Nikhita Sagar AS Psychology Miss Mahmoud “Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity” 12 marks Normative social influence is the need to be liked and accepted by others in the group. Other people are usually looked to in a group to identify behavior that leads to group acceptance – this may result in the person publicly changing their behavior/views but privately disagreeing/having their own opinions. This is because humans are social creatures and have a fundamental need for social companionship and a fear of rejection. The majority may also control other group members by making it difficult to deviate from majority point of view, therefore exerting pressure on them to conform. This type of social influence is also known as compliance and has been demonstrated in research by Asch, where participants clearly felt uncomfortable deviating from the majority position.
With groups it can affect organisations, communities and society as a whole. Even the people who inflict discrimination can be affected by negative impact -they could fail to experience the benefits of diversity, equality and inclusion. It could also affect their broadening of their horizons. Negative impact can be :- Loss of self esteem Poor self image Confusion, anger and depression Disempowerment Loss of motivation, achievement Missed opportunities Marginalisation 1.3 The importance of inclusive practice is it enables people to be valued, confident, feel safe and have all their needs met. They can then participate in society without feeling prejudice or
Outline and evaluate the theories/studies into conformity. Normative social influence is when people conform because of a desire to be liked. This type of conformity is often linked with compliance as we publically go along with the majority but privately hold our own views. Informational social influence on the other hand is when people conform as a desire to be right. However, unlike normative social influence, informational social influence often leads to a long lasting change in beliefs and attitudes.
It varies because of mood and behavioral influences. If one is in a bad mood they will typically communicate negatively and without thinking about the affects it may have on someone else. Regardless of how we communicate we need to realize that all communication is cultural. In essence, it portrays ways we have learned to speak and send nonverbal messages. Not only are there different principles and contexts to consider, but there are also cultural barriers.
The next one is the need for social recognition in which I have perspective in because I definitely would like to feel appreciated as well. Karen also states that with this need sometimes people feel ignored, I would not say that I’m afraid to being ignored but I don’t agree with it. Another need or principle with neurosis that puts into my perspective
Alienation There are many ways in which one can describe the idea of alienation and the relationship between an individual to a society. In my own opinion alienation is when a person is a feeling of not belonging or unwanted. This reaction can be obtained from different thinking in physical, mental, religious, social, or economic and often it tends to be a combination of more than one of these. I myself have felt that way before being an outcast of a different type of society I have never known. The beauty of being alienated is that we appreciate more who we are and the people that understand us as a whole.
Chapter 8: Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience - Social influence o Changes in behaviour caused by other people - Conforming behaviour occurs for two principal reasons: o Informational influence • When people are influence by others because of a desire to be correct and to obtain valid information • Reflects that people often rely on others as a source of information o Normative influence • When people are influenced by others to gain reward or to avoid punishment • Disagree with others judgments or beliefs, but proceed in an attempt to be liked or avoid conflict - These can occur simultaneously - We often want to please other people (normative influence) whose judgments we seek (informational influence) Conformity o Most
The human psyche is driven by the desire to feel accepted and included followed by the underlying feature to socialise. This is explored through the concept of belonging which creates a duality nature in which an individual’s ability to interact with others in society can be of a positive and negative influence. Factors like the environment consist of social and cultural constructs which define a human’s sense of identity as it facilitates the notion of shared experiences and interest. However a lack of mutual identity can be of a negative nature as it isolates those who cannot conform to the expectation of other’s. On this basis, shared identity is clearly evident in Peter Skrzynecki’s anthology; The Immigrant Chronicles who describes the
However it’s when others choose an identity for an individual or a group because of their circumstances that we get negative value identity or in equal identity. As people we all have an identity, the most simple of which is personal identity, this is your individual knowledge of who you are, but there are many more identities to consider. We construct our identities by what we do, where we go, people we interact with. A social identity is both an individual-a specific person and group identity referring to others whether different and the same. Identities relate to each and every person; however a lot of social identities are characterised by inequality.
The look on a person's face often conveys a lot of information as it is the first thing others will see before a conversation. However, due to social norms and cultural expectations, Ekman claims that people tend to control or hide their true facial expressions or reactions from certain emotional response. (as cited in Dobkin & Pace, 2006, p. 103). Based on the photo, it can be observed that the four people showcase a positive facial expression as they appear happy and smiling. They might be portraying an intensification of emotions whereby they intensify their happiness by putting on an exaggerated smile while communicating since they are maybe friends.