What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. A cough reflex is a long-drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the glottis, which results in a strong exhalation that suddenly pushes the glottis open and sends a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages. This process is clearing her lungs by forcing foreign bodies out of the larynx, trachea and epiglottis. C. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter?
Serious alterations in gas exchange occur with arterial hypoxemia & CO2 retention resulting from mismatching of pulmonary ventilation (gas exchange w/in lungs) and perfusion. Hypoventilation occurs secondary to markedly increased work of
*Cor pulmonale is an enlargement of the right ventricle Check what ya know (Answers at end) 6.) ER nurse is caring for pts exposed to a chlorine leak. The nurse would closely monitor these pts for A.) Pul edema B.) Anaphylactic Shock C.) Resp Alkalosis D.) Acute tubular necrosis Answer: 6.
Cirrhosis- Chronic, progressive disease that causes the formation of fibrous connective tissue that distorts the liver's normal lobular structure. These irregular lobular shapes results in an impeded blood flow (portal hypertension), poor cellular nutrition, and hypoxia (scar tissue doesn't allow for "normal" gas exchange). •Cirrhosis- As evident by decreased ALT, AST, positive wave test, and decrease in platelets. Increased ICP: Cerebral edema (volume increase of brain tissue, blood or CSF) caused by injury, stroke, hemorrhage tumor or CSF leakage. •Increased ICP- As evident by Cushing's Triad, non-reactive/sluggish pupils,and the patient's fall.
Since pilocarpine increases the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, it decreases the heart rate. Atropine competes with acetylcholine for the binding cites on the receptors. Once atropine binds, it blocks the binding of acetylcholine and thus blocks the effects of acetylcholine – which regulates the heart rate by decreasing it. Since acetylcholine cannot bind the heart rate increases. 3) How does digitalis slow the heart rate?
It is thought that the obstruction is due to fecal material impacted into the relatively narrow appendix, though other causes such as ingested foreign bodies may exist. This causes a subsequent increase in the intraluminal pressure of the appendix, resulting in mucosal edema, bacterial overgrowth, and eventual perforation. Due to the fecal material in the appendix, perforation causes inflammatory fluid and bacterial contents to leak into the abdominal cavity, resulting in peritonitis. Diffuse peritonitis is more likely in young children. Older children and adolescent have a more developed omentum, which walls off the inflamed or perforated appendix, often causing a focal abscess.
Spirometry A breathing test called Spirometry will often be carried out to assess how well your lungs work. This involves taking a deep breath and exhaling as fast as you can through a mouthpiece that is attached to a machine called a spirometer. The spirometer takes two measurements – the volume of air you can breathe out in the first second of exhalation and the total amount of air you breathe out. You may be asked to breathe into spirometer a few times to get an accurate reading. The readings are then compared with average measurements for people your age, sex and height, which can show if your airways are obstructed.
Decrease 7. Did the minute ventilation increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increase See Table 3: Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation See Graph: Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation DISCUSSION 1. Explain the change in ERV with exercise. Tidal Volume increases with exercise, which decreases the ERV 2.
43 26. Why might digitalis be used on a patient with such a condition? I could be used in patients with atrial fibrillation because it lowers the heart rate when it’s higher than what it needs to Activity 7: Effect of
Controlling Rate of respiration Pre –lab Questions 1. What are the main differences in the composition of inhaled and exhaled air? Inhaled air contains more oxygen used to create energy and less carbon dioxide than exhaled air. Also, more carbon dioxide produced as a waste product of energy production and less oxygen as it has been used in respiration 2. What volume of air is exchanged at a normal, relaxed breathing rate?