All of these various styles responded to the industrialization of Europe in their own unique fashions, and resulted in a strange conglomeration of art, ideals, and themes. The earliest and perhaps greatest response to industrialization was the era or Romanticism. Disgusted by the squalor and pollution produced by industry, many artists and writers turned to Romanticism, glorifying nature over civilized society and emotion over reason. Romanticism prized natural beauty and despised the materialistic ideals of the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. Romantic art tended to revolve around nature or some heroic deed, ignoring or tuning away from industry and logic, and when it did not, it reviled it.
Tiara Williams January 3, 2013 Period 7 American imperialism in the late 1800’s was a break in American foreign policy. America has always wanted to expand the country. In the 1800’s, many people thought that America should join countries such as England and set up colonies overseas. Imperialism is when a bigger, stronger country wants to control other smaller and weaker territories. At that time, imperialism was a trend around the world.
All three Revolutions played significant part in what came to be a significantly liberalist Europe, including Industrialisation. This essay will explain just in what way the Revolutions and Industrialisation led to the overall rise of liberal government in Europe during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The French Revolution marks the beginning of the liberal movement taking shape in Europe. Not only was the monarchy in crisis (on the verge of bankruptcy after extreme spending and France’s Involvement in the American Revolution), but the people of France were also victim of poor harvest, the worst of which were in 1775 but were still significantly bad in both 1787 and 1788 (Merriman, 2004). On top of there being a scarcity of resources, the people of France were subject to also having to pay high costs for grain, a staple food in France.
Because the Renaissance began at different times throughout Europe, naturally it ended at different times, some say the invention of the printing press marked the end of the Renaissance in 1450, with the first invention of moveable type by Johann Guttenberg, it brought us out of the “Dark Ages” and paved the way for modern times (Lawson). With books being easer to manufacture, and cheaper to buy, more and more people could now afford to learn and better themselves. For Europe, the Conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453 is used as an end date (Crowley). Scholars today dispute when the medieval era started, whether the 3rd, 4th or even 5th century, although it is usually assimilated with the collapse of the Roman Empire. Among other dispute that the rise of the Renaissance period begun in 1453 when the Turkish forces captured Constantinople (Nelson).
The era following World War I witnessed the burgeoning of a new lifestyle that characterized the 1920’s. The Great War, now famously known as World War I had brought America to the forefront of the global outlook. The war time excesses in production transformed into prosperity during the next decade which would watch America seek continued isolation despite the mounting global challenges. The Great War and the ensuing Versailles Treaty had left Europe in a rather deprived and devastated state where the Europeans continued to seek cultural and economic assistance from their cross-Atlantic neighbors. With new job opportunities, progressive ideas, an air of liberalism had engulfed the American continent.
Israel Aprieto Ms.Henry Period 2 English 11 2/9/12 Modernism: The American Dream Lost Modernism is defined as a movement with “bold new experimental styles and forms that swept the arts during the first third of the twentieth century” (Haffner 1128). As the period of Modernism commenced, writers wanted to move away from Realist and Romanticist literature. They wrote about loss of faith in the American Dream and sense of disillusionment. Margaret Walker, for example, depicts her poem “Let America Be America Again” with elements of Modernism like sense of disillusionment. Her poem shows individuals who hope for a good dream of a better future but not being fulfilled yet.
The American Revolution and the French Revolution of 1789 had a great impact on literature of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This impact can be seen throughout Romantic literature but especially in the area of new subjects. Before the 19th century authors tended to write about the aristocratic class. There was nothing written for or about the common people. There are three areas in which the discussion will focus upon in the area of new subjects.
It also owed to foreign influences. The transcendentalists rejected the theory that all knowledge comes to the mind through the senses. Truth, rather, transcends the senses and can't be found just by observation. Associated traits included self-reliance, self-culture, and self-discipline. ﻌRalph Waldo Emerson- transcendentalist poet and philosopher; urged American writers to forget European traditions and write about American interests.
Walt Whitman and Transcendentalism For this paper I have selected Walt Whitman, a 19th century exaggeratedly appreciated American poet, who is considered to be among the pioneers of modern American poetry. Walt Whitman is considered to be the founding father of American tradition of English poetry. In 19th century, no other nation was so crazy about carving its own identity as was American nation. In their craze of new culture and tradition, they made some deliberate changes in their literature. The whole point was to be different from the England’s literary tradition who were their former masters.
A Comparative Analysis of New Criticism and Russian Formalism Every age has its theoretical definitions of the nature of literature and its theorized principles on which critical approaches to the analysis of literature are premised. Among many critical approaches, New Criticism and Russian formalism are the earliest and the most preliminary ones. Russian Formalism, mainly produced in the second two decades of the twentieth century, did not have widespread impact until the late 1960s and the 1970s, when it was effectively rediscovered, translated and given currency by Western intellectuals who were themselves part of the newer Marxist and structuralist movements of that period. In this respect, the Russian Formalists belong to a later moment of their reproduction and were mobilized by the new left critics in their assault, precisely, on established literary criticism represented most centrally, in the Anglo-Saxon cultures, by New Criticism and Leavisism. Hence, students of literature brought up in the tradition of Anglo-American New Criticism with its emphasis on “practical criticism” and the organic unity of the text might expect to feel at home with Russian Formalism.