Analysis of Asherah in Ancient Israel

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Ancient Israel TA: David Moster There has been much debate over the use of the Hebrew term ’ăs̆êrâ and its meaning. In the Old Testament, it is used in two senses, as the divine goddess (Asherah) and a wooden representation or cultish object (asherah). Ugaritic texts distinguish Asherah as a motherly deity as well as the consort of El. Other sources including books of the bible, describe the restrictions of making an asherah, or a cultic object. (Deut 16:21). When examining history, it is common for scholars to make assumptions in order to form conclusions. These assumptions are based on different types of evidence that the scholar finds compelling. Due to the fact that these conclusions are founded on assumptions, the evidence must strongly support his or her claim. In the case of Asherah/asherah, there are many different types of evidence (as stated above). In this paper I will assess the arguments of Ackerman, Emerton and Wyatt and how they have used evidence (biblical or otherwise) to support their conclusions about Asherah/asherah. In order to sustain her argument that the gĕbîrâ, or queen mother, “play[ed] some role in the Israelite religion” (388), Susan Ackerman uses biblical evidence to link several gĕbîrôt mentioned in the bible, to Asherah. Ackerman starts with Ma’acah and her “worshiping the goddess Asherah by making a cult statue for her” (389). Ackerman makes a case that Asherah worship (similar to that exhibited by Ma’acah) was customary among the people of Ancient Israel. She uses biblical excerpts (2 Kgs 18:4 – 2 Kgs 23:7) to illustrate several instances where ’ăs̆êrîm were erected in the Jerusalem Temple. By citing these texts, Ackerman not only relates the queen mother Ma’acah to both senses of ’ăs̆êrâ, but also “suggests that it was the norm in the southern kingdom… to worship both Yhwh and Asherah in the state temple of

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