He then further proceeded to give the nobility a hard time by creating a Table of Ranks. This table made ones social standing a matter of how much you give back to the central state as opposed to simply coming from a well-to-do family. Next Peter proceeded to suppress the unruly guard, known as the streltsy, in a much less diplomatic fashion. After their rebellion was brutally suppressed, over a thousand of them were made an example to the people through public executions and by leaving their bodies on display to those who might also think to rebel. Finally he confronted the extremely traditional Russian Orthodox Church by kicking out the patriarch and instating a secular procurator general to rule the church in accordance with secular requirements.
Ex: created state council and upper chamber but he would nominate half members; he solely encapsulated the right to declare war, he would still control the Orthodox Church, the power to appoint and dismiss ministers and to dissolve the Duma, if he desired. E: Lead up to people being more angry. The picture depicts a group of any women. In addition, Russia's peasants were out on the streets protesting against the lack of food. Both groups were joined by workers from the Putilov Steelworks, who refused to
All Russian governments in this period faced strong opposition to their regime with the period as a whole punctuated by riots, disturbances and revolutions. Political change was expected in Russia during this period, particularly during the Tsarist regime where the growth of the revolutionary intelligentsia, ironically an effect of the Great Reforms, led many to question the need for a Tsar or a royal family at all. The first main success of political opposition is widely considered to be the assassination of Alexander II at the hands of the People’s Will in 1881. Although they assassinated their Tsar, it is very likely this did not actually lead to their desired outcome, it being greater political freedom/democracy. Many historians have said Alexander II was considering the formation of a parliament in Russia.
This clash of aims created trouble for the government, as in April 1917 demonstrations in Petrograd began to stop the war. The Provisional Government had unknowingly placed themselves as the nations target, not giving in to Russia’s most crucial demand, to get out of the war. This made it easier for political opposition, such as the Bolsheviks, who told the people they would give them what they wanted, ‘peace, bread and land’, to rise
A recurring theme throughout the period is the regime’s desire to maintain autocracy, which Lenin’s disregard for democracy in any area and opposition shows. This point is further emphasized by Alexander III’s belief that change was a risk and not necessary, as he argued by criticizing his father and also practically demonstrated by reducing the powers of the Zemstva. Repression was increased substantially to deal with opposition and apart from Nicholas II under whom it was briefly paused, this set the basis for Russian rule in the rest of the period. Despite Khrushchev’s easing of repression, the damage had been done under his predecessors Lenin and Stalin in removing any threat posed by opposition and ensuring that their rule remained untouched, in a further demonstration of their opposition to change.
‘How did the crisis of World War I help create a revolutionary situation in Russia?’ Although there were many other solutions that did not involve war after August 1914 to the governments of Austro-Hungary, Russia, Germany and finally, Great Britain war was the resolution that they consciously chose. Each of these countries enjoyed a heightened sense of patriotism none so much as Russia who’s hapless Tsar had seen better times as an autocratic monarch. However it did not all go to plan for Nicholas II; the war was a disaster for Russia. It caused massive inflation, plunged the country into a famine and ultimately cost the lives of nearly 5 million Russian soldiers and civilians as well as a series of military defeats, which as we learnt from the Russo-Japanese war, created conditions suited to Revolution. The demoralisation of the proud Russian peoples created dissent, and discredited the Tsar.
Why did Alexander II emancipate the Serfs? In 1861 Alexander II made the decision grant the Serfs freedom. There are many reasons as to why Tsar Alexander II decided to emancipate the serfs. The Crimean war was just a simple trigger to Alexander to actually make that change and realise Serfdom was the reason Russia was not modernising as a country, However this was not just a wakeup call to him, but to the whole of Russia also. Serfdom was holding Russia back economically, politically and military wise.
During Alexander III rule from 1881-1894 he had made significant changes in Russia like the counter reform, which was literally undoing his fathers Great reforms, which he thought, had weakened Tsarism and left it insecure. In 1881 Alexander III first step as Tsar was throw out Loris-Melikov Plan, which indicated establishment of two new government commissions that were to have an advisory role in relation to proposed new laws. Alexander III saw this as a threat to autocracy in Russia and so he completely rejected this approved plan by his father. Further on in late 1881 Temporary Regulations were introduced, which gave the government special powers to prohibit gathering of more than 12 people, prosecute any individual from political crimes, introduction of Okhrana the secret Police, and the setup of special courts outside the legal system. Then In 1889 the zamstva magistrates were replaced with land captains how were recruited from the nobles and given powers to direct and control peasant affairs in their areas.
Preliminary Modern History Task: Decline and fall of the Romanovs Alex Lai Due: Wednesday 28 March 2012 Under the repressive and conservative rule of Nicholas II from 1894 to 1917, the Russian autocracy experienced a failure in satisfying the demands of its populace. Through the reversal of earlier policy and further imposition of repressive policy, this inability to govern fuelled the mentality of revolutionists and secured the fall of Tsardom. Nicholas’ conservative upbringing concerning the maintenance of autocracy within Russia largely influenced his policy platform and how he responded to the various situations he encountered during his reign. His mindset was heavily influenced by his personal tutor, the arch conservative Pobedonostev, who possessed a concrete belief that autocracy was the only viable
This brought many different cultures into Russia. Therefore, the widespread diversity of people would have brought different languages, cultures, traditions, different mindsets and lots more. Most of the population did not like the way that they were being ruled, as the Tsarist Government decided to put in place several things to try and control the people. One was called the ‘Russification Policy’. This policy said that all non-speaking Russians were made to use the Russian language, which meant that Russian was taught in all schools and they had to be taught in Russian and no other language.