INSTITUTIONAL – failure to maintain professional boundaries, misuse of authority, power over vulnerable individuals, inappropriate use of medication and physical restraint. SELF NEGLECT – neglecting personal hygiene, causing bodily harm and refusing to eat or drink. NEGLECT BY OTHERS – not caring for an individual that needs help in basic hygiene like washing, feeding toileting and personal care. 1.2 The signs and symptoms of abuse can be bite marks on individual or bruising, changes in certain behaviours which can also lead to death in extreme cases. You may also see cuts on an individual from self harming, inappropriate sexual behaviour and could lead to repeated urinary infections.
Unexplained hair loss, significant weight loss, cowering or flinching. Feeling low, in pain or angry. Sexual abuse: Forcing an individual to behave in inappropriate sexual behaviour or take part in sexual activities these can include non penetrative as well as penetrative sexual acts and also forcing an individual to view inappropriate sexual material. Signs and symptoms include being withdrawn and fearful, disturbed sleep patterns, inappropriate dressing, genital infections, bruising around breasts or genitals, unexplained vaginal or anal bleeding, torn or stained underwear. Emotional/psychological abuse: Verbally abusing and swearing, threatening or invoking fear in an individual, devaluing self esteem causing feelings of worthlessness, bullying and exploitation.
Physical Abuse: This includes hitting, slapping, pushing, force feeding, burning, scalding, leaving person in wet, soiled clothes. Signs of physical abuse would include, unexplained bruising, finger marks, bruising in unusual places, soles of feet, under arms, eye sockets. Fractures and dislocations, pressure ulcers and bed sores, cigarette burns, loss of weight, inappropriate clothing, depression, fear. Sexual Abuse: This can also involve abuse of position of power. It can include rape, sexual assault, unwanted sexual acts, sexual acts with a person unable to give consent, subject to teasing or indecent exposure and innuendos.
Bruises in intimate areas, unexplained genital bleeding, sexually transmitted infections and even pregnancy are all common signs of sexual abuse. In addition to this the service user may often become scared or tense when around others for example when a carer is helping them to wash and get dressed they may tense up and become more frightened and timid when the carer washes their intimate areas. This is a sign that they are expecting something bad to happen or that there is something happening to them that they are
Signs can be; A heightened sense of fear and anxiety around a person. Low self esteem Possible STD infection Inappropriate sexual behavior to others An interest in sex that is not in line with the age of the person. Fear of being with a certain sex. Emotional/psychological Abuse Many forms of abuse are obviously cruel. Emotional abuse is more subtle.
Soreness around the genital area, a sexually transmitted infection, unexpected pregnancy or change in normal behaviour for example a precoccupation with anything sexual. Emotional/Psychological This type of abuse is usually visiable in most types of abuse. It may be humiliating another person, treating them as a child or taking away their wishes or basic human rights. This causes immense suffering and effects their quality of life. The person may lose all their confidence and feel anxious and upset.
Individuals punching other individuals will lead to having bruises, biting and slapping will leave marks on the body. Individuals exhibiting untypical self-harm, unexplained fractures, unexplained cuts or scratches for example when teenagers that are depressed often cut themselves thinking it will cool them down. An individual appears scared or subdued in the presence of specific individual’s also sudden or unexplained incontinence. Psychological abuse also referred to as emotional abuse or mental abuse is a form of abuse considered by an individual subjecting or exposing to behaviour that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological abuse may include: Threats of harm, threats of leaving the individual, humiliation, bullying, harassment and disengagement or withdrawal from services or support networks.
-Self-Neglect is when someone is harming themselves whether being self-abusing (cutting themselves) neglecting their personal hygiene (washing and dressing) refusing to eat or drink. -Neglect by others is failure to provide basic necessary care, assistance and guidance to someone. 1.2 -Physical abuse the signs to look for are; unexplained bruising, cuts, scratches, sleeplessness, loss of appetite a sign of self-defence, depression and change in behaviour. -Sexual abuse the signs to look for are; unexplained marks, repetitive UTI’s, vaginal
Outcome 1 - Know How to Recognise Signs of Abuse Define the following types of abuse Physical abuse Physical abuse involves contact causing intimidation, injury or other physical suffering or bodily harm. Sexual abuse The forcing of undesired or unwanted sexual behaviour by one person on another. Emotional/psychological abuse Involves threatening or taking actions against a person that may cause mental or physical harm or humiliation. Financial abuse The unauthorised use of a person’s property, money or other valuables. Institutional abuse The failure to provide professional and appropriate services to vulnerable people.
Unit 5: Principles of safeguarding and protection in health and social care Unit Reference number: A/601/8574 1. Know how to recognise signs of abuse 2.1. Define the following types of abuse * Physical Abuse: This is causing physical harm to an individual e.g. biting, hitting, shaking, throwing, burning or scalding, or suffocating * Sexual Abuse: This type of abuse can be forcing an individual to take part in sexual activities, or behave in sexually inappropriate ways, penetrative acts including rape or buggery and non-penetrative acts. It any also include forcing someone to watch sexual activities * Emotional/Psychological Abuse: This can include bullying, threatening, devaluing individual self-esteem or conveying feelings of worthlessness, verbal abuse and swearing, imposing inappropriate expectations and exploitation * Financial Abuse includes theft of money or property, not allowing a person access to their finances, mismanagement of an individual’s finances * Institutional Abuse: Examples of this type of abuse are – misuse of authority, failure to maintain professional boundaries, inappropriate use of medication, physical restraint, humiliation or bullying and denying privacy * Self- neglect: Individuals engaging in neglectful or self-harming behaviour for example, neglecting personal hygiene or causing harm to themselves * Neglect: Not caring for the basic needs of individuals including neglectful practice in washing, toileting, feeding and personal care 2.2.