Neurotransmitters (NT) act as chemical messengers in the body. Specifically, they function to transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a potential space known as a synapse, or synaptic cleft. In effect, this allows one nerve cell to communicate with a second nerve cell. Some common neurotransmitters are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are excitatory neurotransmitters while dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are inhibitory (Kau-Nu, 2011).
Therefore, platelets undergo degranulation the exocytosis of their cytoplasmic granules and release of factors that promote hemostasis. Aggregation is occurs when serotonin (vasoconstrictor), ADP (attracts more platelets and stimulates their degranulation), and thromboxane A2 (stimulates degranulation and vasoconstriction) are released. Thus it can quickly seal a small break in blood vessel. Coagulation is the last process of the hemostasis. It has three ways; intrinsic, extrinsic and common pathways.
A lack of serotonin may result in low self-esteem, depression and aggression. Melatonin is controlling when you wake up and your sleeping cycle. Epinephrine gets the body moving in situations that require instant action, such as those involving fear or danger. Endorphins are chemical groups that are produced by the hypophysis and the hypothalamus. The hypophysis releases beta-endorphin in the blood stream and the bone marrow.
How Alcohol Affects the Central Nervous System Alcohol can affect several parts of the brain, but in general, alcohol contracts brain tissue and depresses the central nervous system. When alcohol reaches the brain, it interferes with communication between nerve cells, by interacting with the receptors on some cells. The alcohol suppresses excitatory nerve pathway activity and increases inhibitory nerve pathway activity. Among other actions, alcohol enhances the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Enhancing an inhibitor has the effect of making a person sluggish.
Acetylcholine acts as a neuromodulator which engage in direct synaptic transmission between specific neurons. In the CNS acetylcholine plays a role in attention and arousal in the PNS it works as a major part of the autonomic nervous system and works to activate muscles (Waymire, 1997). Acetylcholine is involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, and sleep. | | | | Pharmacological agent prescribed to increasethe neurotransmitter: | List three possible side effects linked to this agent: | To increase the neurotransmitter in the body the supplement choline bitartrate and CDP-Choline and herbal agents ginseng and ginkgo biloba (Moore, 2013). | 1) Low blood pressure | | 2) Stomach ache | | 3) Increase perspiration and salivation (Moore, 2013) | Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs | List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition: | A severe autoimmune muscular disease by varying progressions of defects of the skeletal muscles in the body is known as myasthenia gravis.
This eliminates the action of the pain receptor, preventing the pain signals reaching the brain. This is similar to the way in which the body's natural painkillers (endorphins and enkaphalins) work. The shape of the morphine molecule is crucial to its ability to exactly fit into the active site on the receptor - the 'lock-and-key' mechanism. The benzene group of the morphine molecule fits snugly against a flat section of the receptor protein, whilst the bent neighbouring group of carbon atoms fits into a nearby groove. This allows the positively charged nitrogen atom to attach to a negatively-charged group on the receptor, so locking the two molecules together.
D. Myelin sheaths are responsible for the refractory period after a neuron has fired. 3. In the human body, the ______________ nervous system is responsible for activating the body for such things as the fight-or-flight response, whereas the ___________ nervous system is responsible for calming and slowing down the body. A. autonomic; somatic B. somatic; autonomic C. parasympathetic; sympathetic D. sympathetic; parasympathetic 4. The brain stem is found in the hindbrain and is comprised of the ________, which controls vital functions like respiration and heart rate, and the ________, which acts as a bridge between higher and lower levels of
A local anesthesia, which is loss of sensation in a certain area of the body, is used to prevent any pain that may come during a medical procedures which may include giving birth or having surgery done. Local anesthetics will temporarily block all the action of the nerve fibers including that ones that let you sense pain. They do this by interfering with the sodium channels. Analgesia is the loss of Pain sensation. There are four main types of analgesia, which are also known as pain killers.
A synaptic space is a tiny gap between neurons and dendrites. When the neuron fires, it travels out the axon terminal into a terminal button using chemicals called neurotransmitters. These terminals consist of small sacs that are called synaptic vesicles. There are also neurons that are called the messengers that are from sense organs and they carry messages to your spinal cord or your brain. These neurons
(Biopsychology/Pinel/2009) B. Drugs that remedy or lessen effects Three categories of drugs are effective against anxiety disorders: benzodiazepines, serotonin agonists, and antidepressants. (Biopsychology/Pinel/2009) C. How these drugs