Age, Stress and Satisfaction with Life Differences in Chronotype

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Age, Stress and Satisfaction with Life Differences Among People Who Have Morningness/Eveningness Preferences. Ayesha Riaz PSS110 Assignment 2 Student number: 9916911 Due Date: 28-04-2013 Tutor: Catherine Cornan Abstract There has been a lot of research done in the past on individual differences in chronotype. This study aimed to find differences in stress and satisfaction with life among people who have morningness or eveningness preferences. Data was collected through an online survey of 304 Psychology undergraduate students. Results of the study showed that older people scored higher on morningness than younger group and that morning type individuals had higher levels of satisfaction with life and lower levels of stress compared with the evening type individuals. Individual differences in chronotype, that is, preferred time for rest and activity within the circadian (24h) cycle, and stress and satisfaction with life have been reported by many past researches (Randler, 2007; Kim et al. 2009; Biss & Hasher, 2012). Morning types, or “larks”, wake up early in the morning, prefer to do mental and physical activities earlier in the day, and retire early. Evening types, or “owls”, on the other hand, prefer later wake up and bed times, and are more mentally alert later in the day. Past researchers, such as Carciofo, Du, Song, Qi, and Zhang (2012), found age differences in Morningness and Eveningness in a Chinese population, and others (e.g., Buschkens, Graham, & Cottrell, 2010; Jankowski, 2012) have found differences in stress levels and satisfaction with life for these chronotypes. Stress refers to a challenge to a person's capacity to adapt to inner and outer demands (Burton, Westen & Kowalski, 2009). Stressful situations typically produce certain physiological and psychological changes in the body that make an individual ready for the “fight” or
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