African Athletes Research Paper

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Crystal Hicks Rod McCrae ENGL 1101-LCF October 15th, 2012 African Descendants Triumph in Genetic Lottery Athletic achievements, like success of all kinds, are a bio-cultural phenomenon. While culture, environment, individual initiative and just plain luck might influence which individuals succeed, nature, one’s DNA, circumscribes the possibility of even being in the game. Usain Bolt (2012 track Olympic gold medalist) along with his Jamaican teammates are members of a tiny slice of the world population; elite athletes who trace their ancestry to western and central Africa, whose body types and physiology have been uniquely shaped by thousands of years of evolution to run fast. But part of a broader trend, it is hardly surprising. What…show more content…
Whites of Eurasian ancestry have more natural upper-body strength and predictably dominate weightlifting, wrestling and field events, such as the hammer (whites hold 46 of the top 50 performances). Certain East Asian populations tend to be small with relatively short extremities, long torsos, and a thicker layer of fat. As a result, athletes from this region are somewhat slower and less strong than whites or blacks, but are, on average, more flexible. These characteristics are key potential advantages in diving, some events in gymnastics (hence the term 'Chinese splits'), and figure skating. Blacks of African ancestry have stamina and endurance making them elite in stamina sports such as track, basketball, football, as well as soccer. As a result of evolutionary adaptations to extremely different environments that became encoded in the genes, athletes from different insular populations tend to have rather distinct physical and physiological characteristics frequently exceling in specific events. The genetic contribution to races in sports has produced a certain liking to the events that ethnic races excel in. Whites are predominant in swim meets and hockey games, while there are more black parents cheering the high school basketball game than Asian parents. Geographic location, financial…show more content…
Genetically linked, highly heritable characteristics such as skeletal structure, the distribution of muscle fiber types (for example, sprinters have more natural fast twitch fibers, while distance runners are naturally endowed with more of the slow twitch variety), reflex capabilities, metabolic efficiency and lung capacity are not evenly distributed among populations. Even today, few scientists dare to study racial origins, lest they be branded racists just for being interested in the subject. Athletic achievement has long had no favorable outcome for blacks in general and African Americans in particular. In the early part of the twentieth century, when blacks first received a chance to compete in sports, every defeat encouraged simplistic, racist beliefs that blacks were an inferior race, too frail to handle extreme physical challenges and not smart enough to plan a race strategy. Even winning did not shatter the stereotype; racists just created a new one. When Jesse Owens won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, shocking the Nazi hosts, a diametrically opposed but equally noxious myth became cemented: black athletes succeed because of their supposed natural athleticism. Black success in every aspect of sports, particularly as
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