Advantages and Disadvantages of Covert Observation in Court Proceedings

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Using material from Item C and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of using covert observation as a means of investigating court proceedings. Covert observation is where a researcher observes the particular group they’re collecting research on whilst disguising their true identity as to better fit in. An advantage of covertly observing persons involved in court proceedings such as criminals, judges, juries and police is it that it is the most effective method for ensuring there is no Hawthorne effect. Participants may feel hostile towards a researcher who is acting overtly. Criminals especially those who are going through court proceedings may not feel comfortable disclosing certain information to someone they know to be a researcher. Typically most researchers are similar to police in characteristics, white and middle class, so acting covertly will most likely increase comfortability between the researcher and criminals, allowing more valid research to be acquired. Similarly judges and police may alter their behaviours if they know the researchers true identity in a bid to disguise any flaws in their practices and unjustified law enforcing. However, Positivists would argue that data collected by covert observations aren’t at all valid, they are biased as they are based off of the observer’s interpretations. This could be especially true in the case of researching court proceedings as it is unlikely many researchers have gone through one themselves. Recordings could also be tainted as researchers must rely on memory as notes cannot be made openly. However, this research method is arguably far more useful than just collecting statistical data. Covert observation has long been regarded as unethical. This is due to an absence of informed consent from participants, however Humphreys justified covert observation by suggesting it is the only way to study

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