People believe this is down to the party’s history; the Labour Party originated from the trade union movement at the turn of the 20th century and originally had a chairman of the Labour MPs in the House of Commons, but no leader. A bad experience of excessive leadership power in 1931 made the party members reluctant to recognise the supremacy of the leader over the labour movement. Labour has always wanted to ensure that the leader is accountable which has led to restrictions on the power of the leader after the 1918 constitution. For example, when in opposition, leaders must work with a shadow cabinet and the membership of which has to have been elected by MPs. This argument shows that the leader of the Labour Party may have restrictions on his or her powers when in opposition as they are made to work with a shadow cabinet hence delegating power.
Progressive conservatism aims to decentralise welfare delivery and promote civil society and helping those who are least well off. This idea opposes Thatcher’s view on economic individualism, as Cameron reinforces his opinion that Conservatives should be ‘the party of ‘we’, as well as ‘me’. In addition, it opposes New Labour’s centrally imposed targets. Social liberalism on the other hand, looks to individual freedom alongside economic spheres. Evidently, Cameron’s idea conflicts with Thatcherism’s social views, like on sexuality and race, and also opposes New Labour’s views on ‘nanny state interventionism.
With the rise in the professional politician many prefer to remain loyal in order to gain power and move up in the hierarchy as opposed to become a rebel who remains in the back benchers. This can be seen after the vote on tuition fees and the liberal democrats. Despite the fact that they had campaigned for this cause endlessly only 26 (including a few Conservatives) chose to vote against the bill. Whips play an important part in removing efficiency from Parliament. By having whips who ensure that MPs behave in accordance to the decisions of the executive both Parliaments ability to scrutinise and hold the executive to account is diminished, but also their role as representatives of their individual constituency is also compromised.
the Conservatives. However the relevance of this tradition right and left battle between Labour and the Conservatives has declined in recent years for many reason raising question about the similarity of the two parties and seeing as they are the biggest two parties in UK politics it reduces the choice of major parties to vote for, for the electorate. Traditionally, the left and right divide has been portrayed as a battle between Socialism and Conservatism. Socialism has been traditionally been viewed as the ideology of the Labour party and Conservatism has traditionally been seen as the ideology of the Conservative. These two parties have developed policies on the basis of a vision of how they believed society should be organised.
Another reason why Conservatives won is that in there manifesto they promised to stabilise the cost of living which would close the gap between rich and poor and double everyone’s standard of living. This was helped by Labour being identified with the working class rather than the nation as a whole. This was a problem as 40% of manual workers now considered themselves middle class so the Labour policies for the unemployed and working class no longer appealed to them, instead they believed that the Conservative party was going to help them to continue to move up the social ladder. A third reason that the
Immediately we can see he his motives of trying to introduce The Great Reform Act as great number of Liberal voters consisted of working class (famers and miners). The believe was also that people that would benefit from the act would simply feel obligated to vote Liberal to show their gratefulness. Some historians argue that Gladstone decided to introduce the act in order to strengthen the Liberal party, as some radical members were simply making chaos and disorder on the Liberal side. At that time Gladstone was also busy trying to pacify Ireland, and the Great Reform Act would give Irish farmers that were mainly Catholic the vote. Salisbury however realised the potential of the Act, and he simply couldn’t afford for the Liberal party to gain strength and have such a damaging impact on the Conservatives, therefore he proposed a deal.
An obvious but key point is the political affiliation of the two men; Jackson being a very liberal Democrat, and Goldwater being a very conservative Republican. The two politicians also structured their speeches slightly differently. Goldwater delivered in his typical stern fashion, raising his tone for emphasis, and pausing when most effective. Very well spoken to be true, and unrelenting in his conservative ideals, as is displayed with the famous quip from which the speech is titled. Ultimately it was Goldwater’s staunch and firm position as an extreme right conservative that would alienate himself from voters.
However, other reasons also played a part. Concern over national security also played a part in persuading the Government that reforms were needed. It could be argued that British politics almost revolved around national efficiency and responding to the industrial and economical threat of Germany and America consequently leading to the reforms. The new Labour party promised social reforms and the Liberals were worried about losing votes. The Liberals knew they had to find a way of keeping the working class votes.
However despite this, these conservative elites had both positive and negative impacts on German politics. Conservative parties included DNVP (German National People’s Party), DVP (German Conservative Party) and the Nazi Party, and the conservative elites included the judiciary, the army, the education system, the bureaucracy, industry, the police and agriculture. Conservative elites had a major impact on German politics in the period 1918-1934. The establishment of a Democracy was at best tolerated by conservative elites of Germany who had always blamed the democracy for the loss of war and the Treaty of Versailles in what became known as the “stab in the back” legend. Despite this, the German army established a reluctant acceptance of the democracy through the Ebert-Groener Pact of 1919.
Individual political parties sprang up from the demand to be able to compare and classify competing politicians based on their views; it become important to know, for example, which early politicians favored a strong central government (Federalists) or a more distributed government (Jeffersonian Republicans). Over time, these parties evolved to be rallying systems whereby politicians could galvanize their supporters. In the process, however, an implicit social contract was formed: individuals who subscribe to a party give up their right to make individual decisions on many issues in exchange for a strong party to fight for the