Materials: 250mL Beaker Test Tube Calorimeter Burner, Ring Stand, and Wire Gauze Thermometer Balance Procedure: 1. Prepare an appropriate data table. 2. Fill the 250mL beaker about half full. Place it on the stand and begin heating it to the boiling point (100 degrees Celsius).
AIM/ OBJECTIVE In this experiment, bomb calorimetry will be used to determine the heat of combustion (heat that the fuel gives off over a certain amount of time when it’s ignited). Determine the Calorific Value of the fuel used and show how the practically determined value compares to the theoretical calculations and industry standards 2. THEORY A bomb calorimeter is a sealed container capable of holding several atmospheres of gas pressure. It measures the enthalpy of reaction by carrying out the combustion reaction under constant volume conditions. This exothermic reaction increases the temperature inside the bomb, which then transfers the energy to the external water jacket raising the external temperature.
Measure and record the mass of the test tube and metal. 5. Place the test tube containing the metal into the beaker of water and continue heating (10 min). Leave the test tube in the boiling water bath while you complete steps 6 and 7. 6.
The term Cp is the specific heat of the material (at constant atmospheric pressure). Different materials have different specific heat values. The units of specific heat are : Joules/gram deg – C. In this lab we will find the specific heat value of Zinc and compare it to accepted values.This will do by heating a mass of Zinc up to the temperature of boiling water and placing the hot metal into a cup of cold water. The thermal energy that the zinc loses goes into heating up the water in the cup. By knowing the starting temperatures and the final temperature of the water and the zinc, the specific heat of Zinc may be easily obtained.
Fractional Distillation and its comparison to a control simple distillation was the main focus of this lab. The theory behind fractional distillation is fundamentally the separation of compounds. In this experiment we used cyclohexane and toluene as our compounds. Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of two compounds are within close range to each other. Toluene and cyclohexane have a boiling point difference of 30 degrees Celsius.
It is useful at predicting reactant and product quantities through a reaction. There is enthalpy, Hess’s Law and is related to thermodynamics. It is applied in the real world by adding ice to water, burning fuel for a vehicle, and when power plants pump water into their machinery to keep them cool and not overheat. 2.In an insulated container, you mix 200g of water at 80°C with 100g of water at 20°C. After mixing, the temperature of the water is 60°C.
The strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction determines whether a substance will be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. It also determines the physical properties of a solid and liquids such as boiling point, surface tension, viscosity, and rate of evaporation. The two main intermolecular forces we dealt with are Hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces. Procedure The digital thermometer was wrapped at the end with a piece of filter paper and secured with a rubber band. The thermometer was hanged from a test tube clamp on the ring stand.
The flame burns at a temperature that will produce positively charged ions and electrons from the organic compound used. Two electrodes are present to provide a voltage through the chromatograph, and when ions hit an internal ‘collector plate’ they induce a current. It is this current which is measured and produces the peaks, and the area of the peak will be proportional to the amount of the compound which is present. The flame ionisation detector detects oxidised carbon atoms (in the form of ions), and the current is
Explanation: Because of copper is a good conductor compared to water because the electrons jump from one element to the other more easily in copper than water. MATERIAL Copper tacks, a test tube, a test tube holder, a digital balance, a thermos with ~1 dl cold water, a digital thermometer and an electric kettle (with enough water to cover the element). PROCEDURE: 1: Fill the electric kettle with enough water to cover the heating copper. Also fill the thermos with cold water and the test tube to 50% with copper tacks. 2: First you measure the mass of the copper tacks and also try to get the mass of the water in the thermos as close to 0.1 kg since 1 dl of H20 = 0.1kg H20.
Miscibility is the property of liquids to mix in all proportions therefore forming a homogeneous solution. Flammability is the measure of the extent to which a material or a substance will support combustion. This is tested through ignition test. Vapor pressure is an important parameter in determining the ease of ignition of a substance or material. Substances are determined by the characteristics of their flame when they burn.