The behaviourist perspective believes that our behaviour is the result of operant or classical conditioning; both of these explain behaviour as being a direct result of learning. Classical conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov. He conducted an experiment that involved dogs. Because dogs salivate, this is an involuntary reflexive response to the sight of smell of food. Pavlov set up an experiment where he introduced a bell at meal times; this was the neutral stimulus (NS).
Once he or she stops thinking about going to this place entirely, he or she will then start to feel better and the anxiety will disappear. This is an example of how classical conditioning and avoidance of these feared objects will make the phobia worse. There may be many different causes when it comes to phobias such as a childhood trauma or genetics, but classical conditioning plays an important role in either reinforcing or causing these simple phobias, sometimes both. Through this conditioning, people have repeatedly associated the fear with terrible anxiety, strengthening the fear. This can interfere with your everyday life, because a person will go to great extents and avoid numerous situations that may have snakes to do with it, such as an aquarium, or where ever snakes may be.
Both classical and operant conditioning are basic forms of learning (Corey text). Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. Manipulating reflexes does this. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioning deals with more cognitive thought process.
How to Bathe Your Dog The only thing I like better then coming home to my dogs is coming home to clean dogs. Their fur is so soft I could pet them for hours and the day’s stress just melts away. Having a clean dog is beneficial to you as well as your dog. Proper hygiene will help minimize health problems for your dog and household by eliminating pests like fleas or other critters they could pick up while outdoors. A good bathing schedule will also help reduce shedding and pet dander, remove any fecal matter caught in the fur, provide an opportunity to inspect and clean their ears, and will help minimize itching and skin irritation for those dogs that have outdoor allergies.
Classical conditioning is made using two stimuli. in the experiment Pavlov used sound of a bell a as a neutral stimuli and dog food as unconditioned stimuli which causes the dog to salivate. Pavlov presented the dogs with a ringing bell followed by food. The food elicited salivation, and after repeated bell-food pairings the bell also caused the dogs to salivate. In this experiment, the unconditioned stimulus is the dog food as it produces an unconditioned response, saliva.
Classical Conditioning The classical conditioning approach is an associative learning approach that played a major role in the development of the science of psychology. Classical conditioning can also be referred to as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning. The following paper is designed to explain the theory of classical conditioning. A scenario will be provided that will apply the classical conditioning theory. The scenario will be explained and a chart will be complied that will demonstrate how classical conditioning applies to this scenario.
With classical conditioning the conditioned stimulus is the tone, the reinforcement is the unconditioned stimulus, and the unconditioned response is the salivation (Olson; Hergenhahn, 2009). Classical conditioning is a theory that suggests that humans learn through association. We develop certain responses to stimuli that do not occur naturally. There are many ways that classical conditioning can be applied to real life situations. The main thing I would apply classical conditioning to would be parenting.
The cleaners usually attract the dog back to the same place. A veterinarian will usually recommend white vinegar and water rubbed over the area to help remove any stain or smell from the carpets Paper training puppies can be a rewarding experience for both the owner and the puppy. The owner needs to pick a spot for the newspaper where he or she wants the puppy to relieve himself. The puppy needs to be placed on the paper after eating, playing, drinking, and waking up (Fogle, 1993, p. 36). Every few hours the puppy needs to be placed on the paper and say to them “go potty.” Eventually the puppy will understand after praise is given what “go potty” means.
B.F Skinner again starved a rat and placed it in a box with a lever. Whenever the lever was pressed by the rat, a small pellet of food dropped into a tray for the rat to eat. The rat soon learnt that when it pressed the lever it will receive food. In this experiment the lever pressing behaviour was reinforced by food, which again through operant conditioning the rat’s behaviour was shaped. In my opinion Skinner’s target was met because his aim or purpose was to shape the rat’s behaviour.
He had managed to associate (conditioned) the stimulus of the bell to the dog salivating. Watson and Rayner did a very unethical study on an 11 month old baby (Little Albert); they classical conditioned him to fear fluffy animals. They did this through showing the child a rat paired with a sudden loud noise, this noise caused fear which is the unconditioned response. This then caused and association between rats and fear. This study was unethical as it involved psychological harm and the psychologists didn’t decondition the mother who then removed Little Albert from the study.