Philosophy as we understand it is a Greek creation," (Griffin, 2001). Prior to the Middle Ages, the ideas of Aristotle and Plato were lost to Europeans for centuries. The introduction of Greek philosophy and science into the culture of the Latin West in the Middle Ages was an event that transformed the intellectual life of Western Europe. It consisted of the discovery of many original works, such as those written by Aristotle in the Classical period, commentaries by Hellenistic philosophers written in Late Antiquity, and commentaries from early Muslim philosophers in the Arab world written during the Islamic Golden Age from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, (Grant, 1996). Preservation and Transmission of Greek Philosophy As knowledge
These statements showed that the author used juxtaposition between the animals and humans in order to make the story more intriguing. Secondly, juxtaposition was used to introduce the theme of imperialism. In paragraph 23 the author states “We all had a drink together, native and European alike, quite amicably. The dead man was a hundred yards away” in this statement the author uses juxtaposition
The books of the Hebrew Bible were written at various times; the most recent predate the 2nd century B.C.E. The Talmud reached its final form c. 500 C.E., but its origins are much earlier. After the Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed in 70 C.E., Jewish scholars began to record ancient teachings and laws so they would not be lost. These ancient teachings are the core of the Talmud. These texts reveal the Jewish roots of several key ideas in Western Civilization.
“Kitos” means ‘hole’ in Greek, so “kithara” means ‘cavity with strings’. The kithara was very popular in Greece and was often used as an accompaniment for the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. The “kithara” of the Greeks then traveled to Rome, which was then renamed Roman “cithara” in Europe. The Romans then brought their string instruments to Hispania, currently known as Spain. The Roman cithara then evolved into the three stringed “Guitarra latina” after the fall of the Roman Empire.
In Athens, Greece, Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who wrote a book called Politics, describing the laws and the type of government the people of Athens lived under in 350 B.C. These two ancient civilizations were 1,430 years apart from each other. In those 1,430 years, one can conclude that politics and laws would have advanced since the time of Babylon. By the time of Aristotle, the Greek laws were far less harsher than those of Babylon. In the Code of Hammurabi, used in Mesopotamia, almost every law that was broken was punishable by death.
The Hellenistic period is the period of ancient Greek and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC[1] and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt in 30 BC. [2] At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration,[3] compared to the brilliance of the Greek Classical era. After Alexander the Great's ventures in the Persian Empire, Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon) and north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom). This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms, and moreover Greek colonists themselves.
Architecture/Art Homer wrote of a Gorgon shield (Iliad 11.32-37), ‘a thing of splendour’ belonging to the Greek hero Agamemnon. Gorgon shields have been found in Greek art, an example of which is held in the Museo Archaeologico in Syracuse (DVD1, section 2, track 2). The earliest example of Gorgon shield found has been from the seventh century BC. Whether this is an example of Homer’s work inspiring others or whether Homer himself was inspired by older artefacts that did not survive into the present day is irrelevant. That figures from Greek mythology were still being represented artistically in Homer’s time shows that the people still respected the tales after centuries had gone by.
The architectural orders, Doric on the mainland and Ionic in the eastern Aegean, were developed in the archaic temples, and their lasting example tended to make Greek architecture conservative toward changes in design or in building technology. The Archaic period evolved after the Mycenaen palace collapsed in 1200 BCE during the dark ages when people began rebuilding. This era brought about the introduction of both the Doric and Ionic Orders. The Doric Order, which originated
The location of Byzantium attracted Roman Emperor Constantine I who, in 330 AD, refounded it as an imperial residence inspired by Rome itself. (See Nova Roma.) After his death the city was called Constantinople (Greek Κωνσταντινούπολις or Konstantinoupolis) ('city of Constantine'). It remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, which is called the Byzantine Empire by modern historians. This combination of imperialism and location would affect Constantinople's role as the nexus point between two continents: Europe and Asia.
The Mycenaean civilization was discovered by Heinrich Schliemann through excavations in Mycenae in 1876 and in Tiryns in 1884 (Carver). Figure 1: W.W. Norton & Company, Ralph's World Civilizations, Chapter 4 http://www.wwnorton.com/colleges/history/ralph/resource/greece.htm Although the Mycenaean civilization began in 1550 BC, the occupation of Achaeans or Mycenaeans of many areas of the Greek peninsula, especially the coastal areas, started in 2000 BC. The Mycenaean civilization was the Late Helladic civilization in 1550 BC, but after the volcanic eruption at Thera in 1500 BC, the Mycenaean civilization at Knossos began in 1450 BC. This was followed by the destruction of Knossos in 1380 BC and a revival and further development of Mycenaean architecture in 1350 until 1250 BC. During the revival of architecture, the Mycenaeans became “wealthy and powerful” and “the most powerful group in the Aegean world” (Carver).