Why was the Unreformed House of Commons able to Reform itself in 1832? The splintering of the Tory party into several different factions played a part the Reform bill being able to be passed through the House of Commons. It split between the Huskissonites, The Ultras and the Small group of Support Wellington and Peel had managed to maintain. In 1832 Wellington tried to make a new Cabinet at the behest of this king but this crumbled when Peel refused to become involved in a Government that would pass Reform. The strong leadership of Grey over the Whigs was also a vital part of the road to reform as Grey was determined to get a Reform bill passed through Parliament (Reform that you can preserve) because of growing pressure from the middle class businessmen in Large cities that had no representation such as Birmingham and Manchester.
But this soon changed as Henry VIII doubled household expenditure and started costly wars against both France and Scotland. With his wealth rapidly decreasing, Henry VIII imposed a series of taxes devised by his finance minister, Thomas Wolsey. Soon the people began to resent Wolsey's taxes and a new source of finance had to be found: in 1544, Henry reduced the silver content of new coins by about 50%; this was repeated to a lesser extent the following year. This, combined with injection of bullion from the New World, increased the money supply in England; which led to continuing price inflation. This threatened landowners' wealth, which encouraged the landowners to become more efficient, and enclosure was seen as a way of doing
French wanted Germany weak but Dawes plan helped Germany to get stronger.+Goods were made and exports rose.+Labour force increased and unemployment dropped.+ Dawes also arranged the Dawes Plan with Stresemann, which gave Germany longer to pay reparations. Most importantly, Dawes agreed to America lending Germany 800 million gold marks, which kick-started the German economy.+HELPED ECONOMY LESS VULNERABLE AND REPARATIONS PAID ON SCHEDULEreduced reparations, reduced annual payments, eded allies supervision of payments and help secure the allied troops.No stable enough to be trusted with their own affair. | -Designed to investigate the continued toll of reparations on Germany, massive inflation and large-scale unemployment.-Young plan set total reparations of $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58 years. Reduced by 3/4-Adopted by Allied Powers in 1930-Replaced Dawes Plan-Divided annual payment, $473million, into 2 elements, unconditional part (one third of the sum) and a posponable part (remainder). -Rest was raised through transportation tax and from budget.+ It extended the deadline of the reparations, meaning that there was more time for Germany
The Liberals were not very big supporters of the Monarch and wanted the Monarchy out of the political area and it just to be solely the government. The Liberals wanted reform, especially the Radicals. If you compare this to the beliefs of the Conservative party who generally believed in One-nation Conservatism/Toryism. This phrase came to light by the Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, His conservatism had proposed a society with the social classes intact but with the working class receiving support from the government. Disraeli emphasised the importance of social obligation rather than
Between 1902 and 1918, Winston Churchill experienced many highs and lows in politics, from being elected as Home Secretary in 1910 to the disastrous Gallipoli campaign of 1915. But was Churchill truly a political failure? Between 1906 and 1910, it can be seen that Churchill was a great believer in social reform. Social reform is a set of political changes that are designed to bring about changes in everyday society. He joined a group of young reformers, a group which included David Lloyd George, who was to be Prime Minister through the First World War.
Margaret Thatcher’s version of liberal conservatism, known as the ‘new right’, swept away the power and influence of the one nation conservatives in the party. She believed that people were naturally competitive, that private enterprise should be encouraged because it rewarded effort. There was a belief that high taxation meant that those who created wealth were penalised so that the less gifted could be subsidised. Her supporters were strong believers in the individual, yet just as the liberals of the Victorian era they believed in a strong state. The new right was radical departure from traditional conservatism because the policies on society are completely different.
"Parliament is subject to the elected dictatorship of government." How far do you agree with this view? This is a serious problem that has occurred form the type of constitution that we as a country have upheld. Elected dictatorship can only be in practice if the Government has the majority of the seats in the Commons. This Governmental style has been used in the recent year in the form of Thatcher, Blair and Brown all of who practised this in some degree to get what they wanted.
The Klu Klux Klan was active and the Nativist Movement against blacks, Jews and foreigners was growing (Williams, 1954). The so called ‘new immigration’ of over 800 000 foreigners in 1920 furthered the dislike of foreigners. The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 was passed, establishing a yearly quota limiting immigration (Williams, 1954). This was later replaced by the Immigration Act of 1924, further restricting immigration. The US government also raised tariffs on US exports and imports, to and from Europe in an attempt to strengthen the economy and establish the US as economically independent (Williams, 1954).
When Paul Milyukov read the list of the Ministers in the newly formed government, somebody in the crowd called out ‘Who appointed you lot then?’ to which Milyukov replied ‘We were appointed by the Revolution itself’ (Michael Lynch, Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894-1924). The lack of support for the Provisional Government was deepened further as its twelve original members were all wealthy members of noble or landowning families. Because of this the Provisional Government only represented the upper classes, with opposition arguing that the ministers governed only in the interests of their own class. Lenin asserted in the April Theses that the result of the fall of Tsarism and rise of the Provisional Government was that Tsardom had not been replaced by a revolutionary but a bourgeois regime. As a consequence of being a committee which was formed by refusing to disband at the Tsar’s order, the Provisional Government lacked legitimate authority.
Moreover, Obama is looking to increase taxes on affluent Americans to fund a “$634 billion health care ‘reserve fund’ aimed at reforming the system” according to Ed Henry in his article Obama Seeks Tax Hike, higher Medicare Payments. Considering the government would see itself as providing healthcare for every American citizen, even supposing it is American taxpayers that are footing this bill; this will give the government a great argument for taxing many other goods that Americans buy. Cigarettes, fast food, and excess coffee consumption will be deemed as uncertain behavior and therefore will be taxed much more heavily. Also, the question needs to be raised as to what else is risky behavior. Kayaking, bicycle riding, and motorcycles can all be argued to be dangerous.