Yoshida Junko’s Essay on the Chocolate War

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In her critical essay, “The Quest for Masculinity in The Chocolate War: Changing Conceptions of Masculinity in the 1970s,” Yoshida Junko asserts that Cormier’s The Chocolate War deals with the evolving understanding of masculine identity during the 1960s and 1970s. She goes on to establish the contemporary definition of maleness as restricted to conception of the dominant image of white, upper-class, heterosexual males who hide vulnerabilities and emotions and serve as economic providers within the family. At the same time, these strong, aloof male figures are expected to head their families with fairness and kindness. Thus, the societal definition of masculinity is problematic and contradictory because of the concurrent need to shy away from the feminine and yet covertly incorporate traditionally female aspects it into one’s maleness. Junko asserts that Cormier echoes the need to exclude the presence of the feminine in his novel through the absence of female characters. Junko proceeds to establish protagonist Jerry Renault as one seeking to discover a new kind of male identity, a pursuit akin to the quest of Percival of Arthurian legends. In both cases, the young man is essentially fatherless and seeking to discover true masculinity, all the while lacking a sufficient male role model. Jerry is unable to find a suitable mentor-figure even in an all-male academic environment. It is in this environment that Jerry first begins to test the waters of his masculine discovery by experimenting with conformity. During his acceptance of the Vigils’ assignment and then continued refusal to sell chocolates for the fundraiser, Jerry comes to realize that falling in line with the Vigils’s orders represents conformity rather than rebellion. Junko highlights Jerry’s encounter with the hippie, his pondering of the poster in his locker, and the exploitive episode involving

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