Axons speak. Neurons transmit messages when stimulated by signals from our senses or when triggered by chemical signals from other neurons. In response to this a neuron fires an impulse called the action potential. When a neuron fires the first section of the axon opens it gates and positively charged sodium ions flood through the cell membrane. This depolarizes that axon section, causing another axon gate to open, and then another, like a line of dominos.
Stimuli’s are what transfers to the brain. The brain is dependent on neurotransmitters to send signals for one part of the brain to another part. The neurotransmitters are let go or released by nerve cells, which is what helps in carrying out cognitive functioning. When brain cells are damaged
The hippocampus on the other side is responsible for the production of corticosteroids (chemicals that produce physiological responses to stimuli). How the mind creates memories is controlled by the hippocampus. So as to work efficiently, the amygdala and the hippocampus rely on each other greatly. The amygdala regulates the responses to stimuli and the hippocampus uses these responses in the formation of both short-term and long-term memories. Damage to the amygdala or hippocampus causes loss of emotions and memory respectively.
This causes the anterior pituitary gland to produce and secrete a hormone (adrenocorticotropic hormone) that travels through the circulatory system. When the hormone reaches the adrenal cortex it binds to a cell-surface receptor, which signals the synthesis and release of cortisol. Answer B: A tropic hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of a hormone by another endocrine gland. The releasing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of a hormone by the anterior pituitary, so it is a tropic hormone. The hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates the secretion of a hormone by the adrenal cortex, so it is also a tropic hormone.
The pons connects the medulla with the cerebral cortex. The spinal cord’s neural network is dependent upon the reticular formation’s filtration of irrelevant sensory stimulus. This region relays signals to the thalamus, cerebral
The lateral nucleus is concerned with detecting the direction from which the sound is coming, presumably by simply comparing the difference in intensities of the sound reaching the two ears and sending an appropriate signal to the auditory cortex to estimate the direction. The medial superior olivary nucleus, however, has a specific mechanism for detecting the time lag between acoustical signals entering the two ears. This nucleus contains large numbers of neurons that have two major dendrites, one projecting to the right and the other to the left. The acoustical signal from the right ear impinges on the right dendrite, and the signal from the left ear impinges on the left dendrite.The intensity of excitation of each neuron is highly sensitive to a specific time lag between the two acoustical signals from the two ears.The neurons near one border of the nucleus respond maximally to a short time lag, while those near the opposite border respond to a long time lag; those in between respond to intermediate time lags. Thus, a spatial pattern of neuronal stimulation develops in the medial superior olivary nucleus, with sound from directly in front of the head stimulating one set of olivary neurons maximally and sounds from different side angles stimulating other sets of neurons on opposite sides.
• Sensory organs function as receptors and receive the stimuli, then it sends nerve impulses to the related effectors. 3. How does the brain use the senses to search/find stimuli in the environment? • Stimuli from the environment are transformed into neural signals which are then interpreted
4. A motor neuron conducts a nerve impulse along an efferent pathway from the integration center to an effector. 5. An effector responds to the efferent impulses by contracting (if the effector is a muscle fiber) or secreting a product (if the effector is a gland). Reflexes can be categorized as either autonomic or somatic.
3 mechanisms 3 mechanisms 1. Attach to the receptors and have the same effect as a neurotransmitter 2. Block the receptors so that neurotransmitters cannot fit into them 3. Prevent the recycling of neurotransmitters so that they stay in the synapse and re-attach to receptor sites. 4.
RSQC2 Worksheet Directions: Fill in the blanks below. Identify the following parts of a neuron (need an image): (dendrites, axon, terminal buttons, myelin sheath) Dendrites: The cluster of fibers at one end of the cell body that receive messages from other neurons. Axon: The slim, tube-like extension of the cell body that carries messages from the dendrites to other neurons. Terminal buttons: The small bulges at the end of the axon which send messages to other neurons. Myelin sheath: A protective coating of fat and protein that insulates the axon.