Both these stores connect to the final store, the episodic buffer. This store integrates information from all the three stores and the long term memory. The information that is not needed is forgotten and the rest is stored in the long term memory. All the capacities of the stores in the working memory model are limited. One problem of the model relates to the concept of the central executive.
KF suffered brain damage from a motorcycle accident which damaged his short-term memory. The damage was mainly for verbal information and his memory for visual information was unaffected. This shows that there are separate STM components for visual information (VSS) and verbal information (phonological loop). Another strength is that The working memory model explains a lot more than the
This evidence can be seen as reliable since it was scientific, conducted in a laboratory, and produced quantative data that makes it easy to summarise and compare with other data. However, it can be argued that this experiment lacks mundane realism and does not reflect real life memory tasks, also that it doesn’t take into account people’s varying ways of remembering words, which may bias the results. Furthermore, individual differences, such as people’s attention spans were not taken into account, which could
However, Adam’s theory was based on closed loop control and Schmidt’s theory was based on open loop control. In Adam’s theory, recognition is defined as a perpetual trace that controls the response updates during the response. The second part of Adam’s theory is recall which he refers to as memory trace. It is necessary to have memory trace to initiate the response produced feedback. • In Schmidt’s theory, recall is simply referred to as a recall schema which initiates the response and carries it out.
The research suggests that capacity of short term memory could only be enlarged by grouping items together known as chunking. By chunking information, we are more likely able to remember it whether in single or combined forms which is why it’s known as the magical number seven plus or minus two. However, the experiment could also be criticised in the sense that there could have been experimenter bias and demand characteristics. It also isn’t ecologically valid since people don’t have to memorise random letter and numbers all the time. Nevertheless,
The working memory model was a hypothesis proposed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974 as an extension of the multi-store model. Building upon Atkinson and Shiffrin’s research, the working memory model transformed the multi-store model from a unitary system to a set of systems within the short-term memory store (STM), highlighting the critical issue of oversimplification in the multi-store model. Working memory involves a central executive that controls and co-ordinates the operation of two subsystems: the phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad. The central executive is considered the master drive, allocating data to the subsystems (visuo-spatial sketchpad and phonological store) and dealing with tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving. Whilst the central executive is the most important and versatile component of the working memory model, there is no empirical evidence demonstrating its existence or how it functions.
From the studies they found that the amount of precise information recollected was significantly higher when using CI. Research done by Stein and Memon (2006) in Brazil showed that it produced better forensically rich information that to the common police interview. Despite all the benefits of cognitive interview the use of this is not widespread in UK police departments. 1999, Kebbel et al found many officers that were trained in using cognitive interview testified that they did not have the time to conduct in what they believed was a good CI. This was most likely due to being unable to conduct all the parts of cognitive interview necessary for the witness to recall
The working model memory consists of 4 main parts: including the central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad and episodic buffer - along with rehearsal mechanisms. The central executive is considered the most important of the working memory as it controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components. Although it has a limited capacity, it can briefly store information. It can store information in any sense modality. The phonological loop has two parts: the articulatory control system or the inner voice, and the phonological store or the inner ear.
Alzheimer’s early stages include but aren’t limited to minor Short-term memory loss, forgetting that memory lapses happened and some confusion in situations outside the familiar. The early stages are difficult but with support from family and medical experts they are manageable, but what if the patient is scared of the late symptoms. Late stage of Alzheimer’s includes but isn’t limited to speech impairment, repeatedly initiating the same conversation, abusiveness, anxiety, and paranoia and debilitating cognitive deficit, which in layman’s term means mental retardation and eventually death but not from the disease it’s self. Shouldn’t those patients have a choice weather they want to go through the later stages of Alzheimer’s, it’s very doubtful that
A participant completing an instrument meant to measure motivation should have approximately the same responses each time the test is completed. Although it is not possible to give an exact calculation of reliability, an estimate of reliability can be achieved through different measures. Since we are using quantitative approach in our research, we choose the Cronbach’s alpha method to measure the reliability of this study. Alpha was developed by Lee Cronbach in 1951 to provide a measure of the internal consistency of a test or scale. Inside consistency portrays the degree to which every one of the items in a test measure a similar idea or build and subsequently it is associated with the between relatedness of the things inside the test.