Due to industrialisation, factories were built which lead to rapid growth of population in the towns and cities for example from 98 million in 1885 to 125 million in 1905. However though this meant that the economy was improving, the growth in population led to poor living and working conditions which increased social unrest. As trade unions had been made illegal there was no way to protest which lead to support for more radical
Industrial Revolution Essay Topic : To what extent did the Industrial Revolution bring about positive change. By : Max Chung The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century made an overall positive impact on Western society. Introduction of factories, the assembly line, new inventions, the development of electricity, and the railroads all contributed to quicker and efficient production of goods and materials. However, it had a negative impact on the people as well. As factories were invented, there were much more pollution compared to the past which brought many health problems to the people.
These taxations also led to strikes and demonstrations becoming commonplace so could have caused Bloody Sunday itself. Witte’s economic reforms also led to another economic factor that caused the 1905 Revolution, the industrialisation of Russia. High speed industrialisation of Russia led to urbanisation causing a high density of people living in the towns and cities. This aided a social factor, the creation of a new urban working class and led to poor working and living conditions in Russia, this caused even greater resentment of the government and helped the formation of the SDs who also had a part to play in the 1905 Revolution. This high density of people living in towns and cities made it easier for revolutionary parties easier to rally and less easy to crush than when most people lived in more rural areas.
The less fortunate people or the poor people lived in back alleys and courtyards of the city unbelievable amount of hours just to support their families. Not everyone had to work like this, only the unfortunate people who were not born into his or her richness. These living and working conditions really divided the rich and the poor which started political parties to form.
However, due to the industrial revolution, factory owners and those involved with business had the new wealth of Britain. This new wealthy middle class wanted a say in the running of the country, they argued that because they created a lot of the country’s wealth that they deserved a say in how the country is run. The working class was becoming more politically aware. This ways due to the development of the railways giving them access to political awareness. They thought that as the wealth creators of Britain that they also deserved a say in British politics.
The social groups on the other hand are constantly changing and transforming, sometimes influenced by the change in government because of the different beliefs and aims of each group. During this time period Russia was not very economically stable and by 1880 an industrial revolution had not taken place. Russia was too big and her road and rail network not sufficiently developed although the production of railways was dramatically increasing. There was also no effective banking system in place to help and guide Russia to economical success. The 1880s saw an industrial expansion in Russia.
This helped modernise society as the hierarchy within Russia became weaker making slightly more like other countries at the time. Another change in society occurred within the system of patronage too, in that, the working and middle classes began to grow. This was because there were more factories being built (often by foreign companies) which led to more jobs and in turn, more money. This increase in factories was all due to protective tariffs, put in place by Russia’s minister of finance (from 1893 -1903) - Sergei Witte. The tariffs restricted the
“Because of the worldwide demand for wool was growing rapidly, landowners were converting their land from fields for crops to pastures for sheep” (Brinkley, 2010). With land plots decreasing for crops and the effects of a war-torn Europe upon them, migration to new lands became more and more enticing. As migration took place, new land was obtained. With the new land came an expansion in economic incentives, from new trade to new crops. “Second, the discovery of the Americas provided the Old World with vast quantities of relatively unpopulated land well-suited for the cultivation of certain crops that were in high demand in Old World markets.” (Nunn & Qian, 2010).
Chartism is a fairly dispersed movement, its large nature and appeal coupled with many different opposing viewpoints, make it really difficult to categorize, and equally difficult to find a defined origin. Chartism in its rawest definition was the world first working class movement, which by its definition would give it a huge backing politically. But why exactly did it come about in the around 1838? One of the main reasons would have to be the failure of the so-called “Great” reform act for most people. Effectively the act benefited the middle classes, who were now given an electoral voice in parliament, while the working classes were largely ignored, causing widespread anger and resentment for the act, and all those it benefited.
Howard felt that the background to the problem was the growth of the Victorian industrial cities. Industrialization had drawn the population into the cities with the promise of better wages, and amongst other attractions, more opportunities for work and social activities. Unfortunately the cities quickly became overcrowded. During the late