In the mid-1800’s, industrialization swept Europe, allowing new ideas, business’s, and commercial production to flourish. Imperialistic industrialized nations, such as Britain, led to the spread of industry into its colonies’, which had an abundance of raw materials but different characteristics that shaped industry. This can be seen in the similarities and differences in the mechanization of the cotton industry between 1880 – 1930 in Japan and India. Similarities were seen in the rapid increase of textile production and the direct decline of the conditions of factory workers, who in both countries were mainly peasant farmers, while differences were seen in the dramatic difference in the gender that made up the majority of the labor force.
In Germany prior and during the 1900’s Kaiser Wilhelm II held the power of most political matters meaning it was hard for democracy to rise in German parliament. However during this period the rise of the SPD showed that a change in parliamentary democracy was occurring, it can also be shown through the increase of Reichstag elections meaning that German citizens were finally taking advantage of their right to freedom of expression. Significantly, the change was also limited due to the entrenched autocracy in Germany at this time. An important factor to consider in the growing parliamentary democracy was that all men over the age of 25 had the right of universal suffrage, giving Germany a broader franchise than Britain until 1918. This allowed men from all classes to vote rather than the richer classes having the majority of voters meaning that Germany was starting to become well represented in parliament.
including the strengthening of the Prussian economy due to economic reforms and the Zollverein between 1815 and 1848, and the continued growth after this period with army and financial reforms. As well as the three wars against Denmark (1864), Austria (1866) and France (1870-71). The founding reasons behind why German was unified under Prussia and not under Austria can be found in the years leading up to 1818, where the 39 states of the Confederation all managed their own economies. The states used customs duties as a way to protect their own economy from the surrounding states, restricting the development of commercial trading between states. Finally in 1818, Prussia abandoned its domestic tariff system and due to the success as a result of the abandonment other German states followed the example of Prussia.
There were many of the comparatively prosperous who also came; to better themselves economically. They had heard of how easy it was to proliferate one's riches in America, and with an archetypal German interest in making the most of circumstances, some of the families embarked to seek a greater fortune in the new world. A second notable reason for the coming of the Germans was the religious persecution of the Lutherans and Protestants. While the Midwest received many liberal-minded Germans, it also acquired many of Germany's most ebullient conservatives. In 1817 King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia decreed a unification of the Lutheran and Reformed churches in Prussia, and his action was accompanied by the rulers of several of the smaller German states.
Account for the growth of liberal government in Europe during the period 1815-1914 At the beginning of the nineteenth-century, a war was on-going between liberals and those in aristocratic/monarchical rule. Liberalist movements at their heart contained 3 main elements; the belief in a constitutional and parliamentary government, a desire for the protection of private property in a free market, and the want for the separation of religious authority from political authority (Gould, 1998). Yet at that time, Europe was the complete opposite of the way liberals felt that it should be, with monarchs, aristocrats and clergy men predominantly in power, the poorer and middle class had barely little access to their rights, freedoms and few or no privileges. The French Revolution of 1789 began to change all of that, followed closely by the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848. All three Revolutions played significant part in what came to be a significantly liberalist Europe, including Industrialisation.
Cameron Trimpey-Warhaftig Business, Industry, and Labor 1. Factors promoting Am Industrialization – Natural resources for raw goods (coal, iron ore, copper, lead, timber, and oil), Labor supply due to loads of immigrants cheap labor, Capital for investing in Am business, Technological advances (2nd industrial revolution), Pro-Business gov’t policies – Protective tariffs, little regulation of business, low taxes on profits, RR system, protection of private property 2. Characteristics of Am business 1840-1920 – 3. America’s first “big” business – Railroads 4. Railroad time – At the General Time Convention, RRs agreed to the 5 time zones that lasted for 35 years 5.
Pioneers of electric lighting, Charles F. Brush and Thomas Edison brought important additions to the industrial growth. The United States economy relied greatly on railroads and with the new techniques of iron and steel manufacturing, dominated by Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick, the railroad system controlled by tycoons such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, James J. Hill, Collis R. Huntington, expanded significantly. The automobile industry saw its first magnate, Henry Ford who produced the first cars in 1895. John D. Rockefeller marked the oil industry by starting his corporate empire shortly after the Civil War. The “captains of industry” contributed substantially to
Portugal was the 1st country to colonize. However, The New Imperialism did not start until the 3rd quarter of the 19th century. John Hobson said “we must have markets for our growing manufactures… a natural expansion of commerce with continental nations and our colonies, all of which were far behind us in the main arts of manufacture and the carrying trades” (View points of Imperialism), traders supported Imperialism for their own gain. “The
Why, and to what extent, had Prussia replaced Austria as the leading power in the German Confederation by 1862? The period 1815 to 1862 was one that witnessed the steady rise of Prussian economic and political power and the equally steady decrease in the power and influence of Austria. These years witnessed a struggle between Prussia and the Austrian Empire to gain influence in the German Confederation, which ultimately ended with Prussia in ascendance. While there is no doubt that Prussia emerged as the dominant power in the German Confederation, there were a number of factors that contributed to this and no sole one was the cause of this rise in power. However, in 1815 this future trend was not at all apparent.
Other factors are such as French revolutionary ideas swept across Europe, 1848 Revolutions, Prussian economic and military strength. French Revolution was the first major success in Europe, which left his long term effects on Europe. It gave nations the idea of freedom, nationalism, national unity, so it was the kick to unification. German people became more united against Napoleon. At that time Bismarck wasn’t even born.