There was a massive divide in the North from the South. The North had an industrial revolution in the late nineteenth century, although Italy’s industrial development was always going to be limited, as they did not have enough key resources such as iron and coal. The poorer side of Italy, the South, was full of peasants and no industrialisation, therefore the South suffered from a bad economy and poor living conditions. In the South, 0.01% of the population owned 50% of the land. That agricultural industry in the South was so corrupt that farmers gained no profit from their livestock and crops, therefore was inefficient and moving backwards.
In 1605-1612, the colonists experienced the longest drought (Doc B). Because of the lack of rain, they weren’t able to grow crops (Doc B). The seasons also caused diseases to spread (Doc E). The occupations of the colonists contributed to the colonist dying. They brought gentlemen, rich men that didn’t work with their hands, and they wanted other people to build their houses and hunt for their food (Doc C).
Adversity such as starvation, disease, and conflicts with the Indians awaited them. When the colonists first arrived, their food supply ran out, and they believed that the Indians would help them. However, they did not because they were they were angered by the actions of Francis West’s actions while he was trying to trade corn with the Patawomeke Indians. (Document D) The colonists soon realized that they would need to grow their own crops in order to endure; however, they were soon faced with what the settlers called “starving time.” During the winter of 1609 through 1610, Jamestown was faced with a drought. (Document B) Without water, the crops were unable to grow which led to hunger, starvation, and death.
Many colonists died in early Jamestown, was it because of the environmental problems, the lack of settler skills, or maybe it was the bad relationship the colonist had with the Indians? The lack of skills by the settlers played a huge role in the many deaths of the colonists. In May 1607, 110 settlers arrived in Jamestown. Of the 110, only 82 had known occupations, and 47 out of the 82 were gentlemen (a gentlemen was a person of wealth who was not used to working with his hands)(Doc. C).
By 1350 there were some quite serious public health problems in towns, where the lack of fresh water and drainage was a problem which caused the water to be contaminated by other sources and was not healthy to drink. The government were not willing to donate funds to fixing this problem because they did not think it was their job to improve public health, but sometimes they passed laws requiring people to keep the streets clean especially in times when disease was common however these laws were difficult to enforce. Therefore, the Romans’ progress was not maintained. Meanwhile, animal excrement was common in the street and butchers slaughtered their animals and threw the remains on the streets which lead to disease and germs causing people to get sick. All this suggests that during the middle ages there was no progress in public health and that the standard of public health had gone backwards especially in the towns and cities.
After Alexander III died, he left a number of problems so when Nicholas II came to power; he already had enemies because many people (mainly the peasants) hated the idea of tsardom and were being suppressed, people referred to the peasants as ‘dark masses.’ Aggravating the peasants will surely lead to a rebellion, although this was fairly obvious, Nicholas II didn’t do much to improve the peasants lives, he also introduced anti-Semitism which then turned the Jews against the Tsar so Nicholas was creating more and more enemies. In the 1890s, Russia had an economic boom which was known as the great spurt, and with the help of Witte, the finance minister, they used this to their advantage to try to make Russia more modern. One of the ways in which they attempted this was to make a railway that goes across Russia, they believed that this was the starting point where Russia will become more modernised.
This made the Romans prone to injuries and “because they have no armor, think about running and not fighting” (Document B). Because of the loss of troops from the loss of armour, the Roman army’s numbers diminished. No soldiers were drafted since many groups were exempted from joining the army. This lessened the defences and security of Rome, and Rome became weaker. Another primary reason of Rome’s decline was a series of foreign invasions.
Also, many experts say that it fell because of the lack of heart the people had to the Empire, the rise of Christianity, it was too immense to govern and protect, the decline of the economy and jobs, the army being made up of mostly foreigners, and outside invaders. Thus, one can say that the Empire collapsed more internally than externally. The first reason why the Western Roman Empire fell was because the people that lived in it had a lack of heart in the Empire. People didn’t believe the Empire was worth saving anymore. As Strayer, Gatzke, and Harbison state in their textbook The Course of Civilization states “The basic trouble was that very few inhabitants of the empire believed that the old civilization was worth saving… the overwhelming majority of the population had been systematically excluded from political responsibilities.
As it was them who started the protest which turned into a revolution and also they were the ones behind the mutiny of the troops. However, the military was having many problems such as the war was going horribly wrong with many casualties, poor commanding from officers and limited military resources and equipment. The peasants were doing the fighting and the dying. So this could be a small contributing factor to the fall of the Romanov's on several different reasons. Firstly the tsar did not help the peasants personally, but instead leave the burden to the prime ministers when they cannot rule like a democracy today.
In my opinion Operation Rolling Thunder (ORT) was a massive failure. As the US did not meet its official aims and objectives of stopping the spread of communism to Vietnam. It caused a lot of inexperienced soldiers to lose their lives. Also having a major effect on America its self as the country battled to juggle money to afford the cost of the war. But one of the hardest battle’s for the US was to keep their own countries support.