RUNNING HEAD: Luther’s 95 Theses Luther’s 95 Theses HIST 101 Western Civilizations Instructor: Dorothy Slane Leslie Brooks October 2, 2011, Thesis In the 95 Thesis Luther is basically discussing his disappointment with the Catholic Church. He did not approve of the way the pope was granting partial remission of time to be spent in purgatory or any other consequences that may be given to the people because of a sin they have committed. The church was basically practicing in the selling of indulgences when they did not have the right to remit and penance for any sin or guilt. That was the sole job of their God and no one else could produce that right or charge for a right that they do not even possess. Luther was also disappointed in man and felt that they should take the consequences that go with their sins and hope that these lessons could be taught to them before it would become too late.
Comparative Paragraph In his quest of liberating India from British rule, Mohandas K. Gandhi modeled his teachings and actions of non-violence primarily after those of Jesus Christ. Jesus challenged His followers by opposing the ‘eye for an eye’ attitude presented in the Old Testament and replacing it with a new principle of non-retaliation; “You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.' But I say to you, Offer the wicked man no resistance. If anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other also…” (Matthew 5:38-39) When arrested at the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus showed no resistance to the unjust act and demanded his disciple Peter to not retaliate after already cutting off a soldier’s ear. Jesus warned Peter, "Put your sword back into its sheath, for all who take the sword will perish by the sword.” (Matthew 26:52) Likewise, Gandhi upheld this attitude of non-violent resistance in his teachings.
Literature Circles The Crucible Act 4 Discussion: Provide a summary of Act Four below. Proctor asks Elizabeth if she thinks that he should confess. He says that he does not hold out, like Rebecca and Martha, because of religious conviction. Rather, he does so out of spite because he wants his persecutors to feel the weight of guilt for seeing him hanged when they know he is innocent. Connector: Provide a connection below.
“Yet one cannot call it virtue to kill one's citizens, betray one's friends, to be without faith, without mercy, without religion; these modes can enable one to acquire an empire, but not glory.”(Machiavelli 35) “ God our Father hasmade all things depend on faith so that whoever has faith will have everything, and whoever does not have faith will have nothing.” (Luther 13) This quote truly shows how strongly Luther felt about faith and the connection to God with no middle man. He thought that the fact that the Catholic Church said you had to confess to a priest so they could talk to God for you was wrong and takes away from your faith. Machiavelli sees virtu as the traits necessary for a prince to acquire to be able to succesfully run a state. “ And above all a prince should contrive to give himself the fame of a great man and of an excellent talent in every action of his.” (Machiavelli 89) In Chapter XVIII “ Of Cruelty and Mercy, and Whether It Is Better to Be Loved Than Feared, or the Contrary” Machiavelli lists in his writing traits to be a succesfull Prince. He expresses how it is better to be feared rather than loved and to recognize the people around you and in
To be more precise, Pope Innocent III in 1201 declared that the punishment for the original sin is the exclusion of the God''s beatific vision. (Sullivan, 2011, p.4) Apparently, from the thirteenth century the belief of limbo, a state of infants having died unbaptized, became widespread by the Catholic theologians. Such a belief was based on the arguments that the infants may be freed from the original sin by baptism and the exclusion of the beatific vision is a penalty itself. However, the Vatican II emphasizes the “universality of the salvific will of God”, in accordance with which, God will save every human being, including unbaptized infants. (Sullivan, 2011, p. 7).
The Puritans branched off from the Protestants in England. They were affiliated with a radical activist movement going on in the Church of England. The issue with this new set of ideals is that they did not want to abandon or shun the Church of England, they just saw it unfit and wanted to purify and alter the main concept of the Church. The Puritans got their name because they wanted to purify the Church of England of all practices they considered popish. They sought the removal of all images, veneration of the saints, sacramental practices, and the like.
Pelagius was a British Monk who was an ascetic who worked hard to convince Christians of their duty to lead moral lives. He argued that moral evil was due to free acts of will by individual human beings. He believed that God punishes wicked acts in a number of ways, partly in this life through natural disasters, partly in the life to come by eternal punishment of the souls of the sinful in hell. Pelagius believed that in order to escape the sin you had to imitate Jesus, who led a perfectly good life. Therefore we can freely decide to avoid sin and do good through their own free will.
Penance played a major role in crusading it served as a motivation for most of the pious crusaders. Many crusaders believed that the only reason to go on crusade was because “Christ wills it” so therefore the pope was giving indulgences for people who went in the crusade. These indulgences weren’t exactly clear on what they detailed Urban says “Al who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of god with which I am invested.”1 However this original call to crusade roused many people people who wanted to earn their penance and save their souls. “when these things had been done, while all prostrated themselves on the earth and beat there breasts one of the cardinals named Gregory, made confession for them, and they were given absolution for all their sins.”2 This absolution the crusaders where able to receive would motivate them and many others some who did not even have the permission of their priest to go and crusade to take the cross and fight in the crusade.
The devil’s tool is shame. It is being ashamed of who you are as a person and not what you have done. It is hating who you are and thinking that you have no reason to live. God created us in His image and gave is a divine purpose. If Jesus would die for us on the cross for us then our live is worth it.
The similar objectives they both experience that are heritability entitled for them to feel guilt for, would be, for example, killing a person. It is never acceptable in the United States to commit a crime of killing another human. The legal laws in America would sentence both, Christians or Atheists, to prison if they were to commit such a crime. In extension, Christianity also has in the Ten Commandments telling them, “thy shall not kill.” The legal laws would send a murderer to prison, therefore this punishment would leave both groups remorseful for their actions. Atheist may feel their punishment is complete once they served their sentence, but since Christians believe taking someone’s life is committing a sin; they therefore question the likelihood of their soul entering into heaven.