Who Was Thomas Wolsey?

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Thomas Wolsey held the position of Henry VIIIs chief adviser from 1514 until his fall from power in 1529. During this period Wolsey’s responsibilities included the administration of law and finance. As Lord Chancellor from 1515, Wolsey was responsible for overseeing the English legal system. Furthermore, as Henry VIII tended to leave Wolsey with day to day control of the government, Wolsey also had to find ways of increasing royal revenue to finance Henry’s foreign policy which, by 1514, had resulted in the revenue left to the crown by his father being used up. The key features of Wolsey’s administration of law and finance in this period appear to have been influence by his desire for greater efficiency and for personal benefit. Wolsey appears to have had a genuine desire to improve the administration of the law and a key feature of Wolsey’s administration of law in the period 1514-29 was the promotion of civil law (equity) at the expense of common law. Civil law decisions were based on what seemed fair rather than on precedent and Wolsey often called cases into one of his own courts when he heard that a common law verdict had gone against what he considered to be natural justice. Ensuring the poor had access to justice was another key feature of Wolsey’s adminstration of law in this period and some historians have suggested that it was Wolsey’s humble origins that led him to do this. Wolsey encouraged commoners to bring their complaints before the Court of Star Chamber and ensured that cases in which restitution were being sought from the rich were given an early hearing. Actions like this prompted the Venetian ambassador Guistiani to write in 1519: ‘He favours the people exceedingly, and especially the poor, hearing their cases and seeking to despatch them instantly’. Wolsey also set up the Court of Requests, a tribunal which charged no fees thus
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