Unionists were opposed to self-governement for Ireland for economic, religious and political reasons. Ulster, particularly Belfast, had prospered industrially and Belfast’s main industries, shipbuilding and linen, were dependent on the British market. Unionists believed that a Dublin government would take away from their concerns by focusing on agriculture – and lead to the detriment of Ulster’s prosperity. Protestant – Unionists also believed that an Irish Parliament would be Catholic and would dominate their religion and feared their religious freedom would be in danger. Rivalry between Catholics and Protestants was tradition in Ulster so the unionists were set in their ways!
Although it was fleeting, the fabricated "popish plot" (1678-1681) conspiracy had immediate social, political, and religious consequences for English society in the late seventeenth century. Invented by Titus Oates, this far-fetched story of a large-scale Catholic conspiracy to assassinate King Charles II and replace him with his brother James created widespread anti-Catholic hysteria among English Protestants and non-conformists at the lowest and highest levels of society. By the time the plot was proved a fiction in 1681, many English Catholics, especially Jesuits, had been harassed; some Catholics were persecuted, others were jailed, and some two dozen innocent men had already been executed. The anti-Catholic hysteria manifested itself socially, politically, and religiously in a variety of ways. Although its effects reached as far as Ireland (where some Irish Catholics such as Oliver Plunkett were executed), the popish plot had the greatest impact around London, which was England's largest city.
It has been argued that Charles I was the main reason that war broke out. I will be investigating whether this is a far accusation by looking at the long-term and the short-term causes for the English Civil War and assessing how far Charles was really to blame. Firstly, it has been argued that Charles was to blame for the long-term reasons such as wanting to make changes to religion, the power of the king and money. For example, Charles was partly to blame for money because he was trying to buy off the Scottish with £850 a day (which he could not afford) as a result from trying to make the Scottish Puritans. They rebelled and tried to attack.
Joseph Russell Candidate Number: 5145 Unit 4: Ireland and the Union 1815- 1922 How Significant Was The Contribution Of Michael Collins To The Successes Of Irish Republicanism In The Period 1916- 1922? Michael Collins used a number of methods to improve and force the chance for an Irish Republic down the British throats. His tactics were brutal and fully committed to the cause. However along with Collins other figures within Irish Republicanism were equally important to the success of the movement, and were also just as committed to winning Ireland for the Irish. We see Collins relentless attitude expressed in a statement made by himself when in court in April 1918 facing a charge of inciting people to steal guns.
The position of Parnell was transformed when the campaign in parliament was fused with the agrarian protests in Ireland after 1879 significantly increasing Parnell’s influence and power due to the mass support gained ,allowing Parnell to force through the Irish self-rule question to the centre of British politics. Parnell was imprisoned after his encouragement to boycott landlords and land agents but the signing of the Kilmainham treaty turned him into a national hero: This was due to the resurgence of Irish nationalism and the release of people imprisoned with Parnell. However his reputation was tarnished after the Phoenix park murders as it showed Parnell could not control the nationalists. Parnell’s career was ended when William O’shea spoke out about Kitty O’sheas adultery with Parnell which politically side-lined him and split the party. John Redmond supported Parnell and was a campaigner for Home Rule, sharing a similar belief with Parnell that Home rule could strengthen the union.
Oliver Cromwell waged war against Spain, just as Charles had planned, and gained new colonies for Britain. But war, as King Charles had known, was a costly venture. So Oliver Cromwell increased taxes - so much so that many of his supporters turned against him and began to plot with royalists who hoped to bring Prince Charles to the throne. Certain religious extremists and revolutionaries even conspired to kill Oliver Cromwell. More and more, Oliver Cromwell relied on his soldiers and spies to protect him.
For a good understanding of the battle of the Boyne, one needs to explore the circumstances preceding and surrounding it exhaustively. Like many other wars that occurred in historical times, there were certain main events and individuals who played central roles in the battle Major among these occurrences preceding the battle of the Boyne was the Glorious Revolution. Upon succeeding his brother Charles II, James II’s intransigent politics angered the English Parliament at Westminster, prompting it to invite James II’s son-in-law William of Orange and his wife Mary to dethrone James II. The Parliament which was significantly Protestant feared that James II would establish a Catholic dynasty in England. The birth of James II’s son, the Prince of Wales, also referred to as “The Pretender” made the situation tenser for the
It is necessary to question why exactly the unjustly deaths and casualties took place in 1641 in a war between the new English, the native Irish and the Old English. The causes that will be discussed in this essay include the plantation of Ulster in 1610, the failure of the plantations, the threat of further plantations, religion and disagreements between Catholics and Protestants, the infamous graces, the economic situation and lastly, Scotland’s victory over the English as a source of hope for the Irish. The Plantation of Ulster is recognised as a central cause of the 1641 rebellion due to a dissatisfied native Irish population, as a result of a largely transformed Ulster under the impact of extensive settlement by both English and Scottish settlers. Ulster was predominantly the most Gaelic part of Ireland at the time and was a province that was fundamentally out of the control of the English much to the annoyance of the King of England. Therefore, subsequent to the infamous flight of the earls, it was apt for the English to seize the opportunity that was presented to them and reduce the size of the catholic population in Ulster.
The stress of war seen in England was seen to a lesser extent in Eire at the beginning of the war years. In this essay I will examine some of the key reasons for Eire’s neutrality between 1939 and 1945 in regards to World War Two. I will concentrate on The problematic relationship between Eire and Great Britain; Partition; Divisions within Irish society and the big question of was Eire actually neutral during the course of World War Two? Eire faced difficulties from a weak economy to unhappy Republicans and sought the best way to appease both Great Britain, America and their own people. Despite mounting pressure throughout World War Two De Valera continued with his policy of “neutrality.” De Valera’s policy of External Association and fight for the independence of Eire meant that a policy of Neutrality was the most practical way forward.
Why did Cromwell go into Ireland with his army in 1649, and how did he conduct his military campaign there? The most pressing motivation for Cromwell's Irish campaign was the threat of a royalist invasion. The monarchy still enjoyed great support in Ireland, and Cromwell agreed to lead an expedition into Ireland to preemptively crush all support for Charles Stuart, who remained alive in exile. Cromwell also had other motivations. He hated the Irish with a passion, largely because the vast majority of Irish people were Catholics, and he wanted to exact revenge on the Irish for a massacre of English Protestants that had occurred in Ireland 1641.