Throughout these years the Germany government faced difficulties on all fronts. There were major issues economically, with inflation, reparations and the collapse of the currency, but also major political issues were being raised through violent putsches and growth of extreme parties. If the government did not already have enough to deal with, at the end of World War I, Germany had gained a stigma of being a horrible, vicious country and had no real international support. However, by 1929, the Weimar Republic had begun to overcome their major issues, and could return to a time of political stability. The Weimar republic faced an array of economic problems through the ‘years of challenge’.
The Wall Street Crash in America in 1929 had a great impact on Europe in the subsequent years. It left countries with stockpiles of unsold goods along with the production of goods being greatly reduced resulting in unemployment soaring to extremely high levels and also leading to many national financial crises. Britain and Germany were two of the key European economies which both had extremely high levels of unemployment. In the British case the high levels of unemployment were mainly due to intensely severe deflation which was induced by the authorities. They wanted to depress prices and rise the value of the pound to what it was compared to the dollar before the war.
It was Queen Elizabeth I who granted the “monopoly of trade to the east”, which reflects how the BEIC had state connections in the highest ranks of Royalty. The State influenced the stock market, and therefor the state of the Company’s financials. One can see why this close-knit relationship benefitted the company in more ways than one. Joint Stock ownership enabled the “separation of investors and managers “. This widened financial possibility and the resources that different people, the shareholders, can access.
Although finance played a significant role in the deterioration of the relationship between Crown and Parliament, it was not the lone reason, due to the fact that there were other more important factors including foreign policy and Buckingham which caused the collapse in the relationship between Crown and Parliament. Firstly, finance was a critical factor in the breakdown in the relationship. For example, the Forced Loan caused a great amount of tension between Crown and Parliament and therefore, worsened relations. It worsened relations because Charles enforced illegal taxations on his subjects without any form of consent from Parliament. He required that his subjects “loan him the equivalent of five subsidies” and although it was “opposed by significant numbers in the localities,” the taxation still occurred as the government had “employed all its powers to eliminate resistance”.
But this soon changed as Henry VIII doubled household expenditure and started costly wars against both France and Scotland. With his wealth rapidly decreasing, Henry VIII imposed a series of taxes devised by his finance minister, Thomas Wolsey. Soon the people began to resent Wolsey's taxes and a new source of finance had to be found: in 1544, Henry reduced the silver content of new coins by about 50%; this was repeated to a lesser extent the following year. This, combined with injection of bullion from the New World, increased the money supply in England; which led to continuing price inflation. This threatened landowners' wealth, which encouraged the landowners to become more efficient, and enclosure was seen as a way of doing
Explain the economic and political effects of the First World War on Italy between 1915 and 1918 The war imposed serious strains on the Italian economy. The cost of keeping soldiers armed and fed led to a large budget deficit. So as a result they were forced to borrow heavily from abroad. Spiralling war debt ended up at 85 billion Iira, fivefold increase on 1914 figure. Due to this debt the government then resulted in printing money and this resulted in inflation.
The economic difficulties facing Italy after WWI were the greatest challenge for the Liberal government. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Yes I would agree with this statement to the extent that economic problems did prove to be a challenge to the Liberal government. However I could argue that other factors facing Italy after the war also caused difficulties and some may even be seen as being of a greater challenge for the government. Economic issues arose after the war, Italy had occurred massive debts throughout the war-time as they had spent 148 billlion Lire which meant they had spent twice as much during the war as they had spent during the previous fifty years.
It has been argued that Charles I was the main reason that war broke out. I will be investigating whether this is a far accusation by looking at the long-term and the short-term causes for the English Civil War and assessing how far Charles was really to blame. Firstly, it has been argued that Charles was to blame for the long-term reasons such as wanting to make changes to religion, the power of the king and money. For example, Charles was partly to blame for money because he was trying to buy off the Scottish with £850 a day (which he could not afford) as a result from trying to make the Scottish Puritans. They rebelled and tried to attack.
What was the significant cause of civil strife between 1455 -1461? On the 4th March 1461, Henry VI was deposed as king and put in the tower of London. His reign as King starting on the 31st August 1422 (aged just nine months), was deemed as one of the worst in history with so many factors in the end leading to his deposition as King. Many people believe that the main contributor to this was Henry’s personality; this is because there is history of Henry having mental problems which people were obviously concerned about because he was their entrusted ruler. The nobility of England appeared to increase in power because of the weakness of the king.
The Radical Prime Minister, Edourd Herriot, was met with a severe economic crisis caused by the mismanagement of government expenditure. A divide in the Cartel on how to solve the crisis meant Herriot stepped down in 1926. The demise of a government due to disagreements on a solution to France’s economic problems was an often occurrence during the 1920’s and 1930’s. The French people always suffered as a consequence of the