This created a problem for Henry because during that time having a female line of succession as seen as being weak and having a Queen as head of the state was seen as a recipe for disaster based upon previous events that had happened within England (civil war under Queen Matilda).By marrying Anne Boleyn in 1533 Henry gave himself a chance of gaining a son that he needed in order to secure his dynasty and fulfil one of the roles he was given in being a king which was to enable the success of his lineage once his reign had come to an end. By not having a male heir to the throne it may have made the position of England in terms of what the future held a bleak one, an England without an male heir may make it an easy target in the future for its enemies such as Catholic France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire because they could portray the issue as one of having a chance to invade successfully amidst a succession crisis. With Henry’s divorce from Catherine Aragon paving the way so that he could marry Anne Boleyn he had to change the shape of religion within England forever, he cut ties with the Catholics church and
How far would you agree that conflict between England and Spain was inescapable? (1558 - 88) In some respects, conflict between England and Spain was unlikely and there are many factors contributing to this. One reason for this was a very personal factor and links to Elizabeth’s personality. The Queen of England was a much calmer monarch than her predecessor and father, Henry viii. Her way of dealing with foreign affairs was very different to her Father’s in that Elizabeth tended to be more methodical in contrast to Henry who settled misunderstanding with battles and warfare.
These veracities pushed reformist Sultans and prominent intellectuals to look for new resolutions to the empire’s difficulties. The first Sultan to identify the empire’s serious weakening was Selim III (1789-1807). After being declared Emperor, he began an agenda of reforms along European influence. He started by commencing deviations in education, legal and military systems. These reforms were not welcomed by the Janissaries (Ottoman soldiers) who, through the trepidation of Europe, had now become unsuccessful on the battlefield.
Also military defeats caused the rulers to go into new war styles and hire new people to modernize the military. Throughout the 18th century the Ottomans fought with the Europeans and the new military leaders in Persia. The government was entangled, in alliances and competing interests, with Britain, France, Austria, and Russia, all of which had designs on certain segments of Ottoman territory. The empire already lost Hungary and Transylvania to Austria by the Peace of Carolowitz. Also wars with Russia took their toll on the Empire forcing another treaty in which the OE gave up Crimea, allowed Russia to interfere in the affairs of Orthodox Christians in the empire, and granted Russia access to the Black Sea.
One of the reasons why Henry broke from the Roman Church was because he had fallen in love with Anne Boleyn but was married to Catherine of Aragon. The Catholic Church would not allow him to divorce her, so Henry had to think of how to divorce her without the Pope’s help. He decided that so that he could divorce Catherine of Aragon he would have to make himself the head of the Catholic Church. An act of Parliament was passed in 1534 explaining why he should be Head of the Church of England rather than the current Pope. Henry also came to believe that the Kings of England should have always been head of the Church rather than the Pope because England was an Empire.
The American Revolution was a result of the colonists unrest caused by their abhorrence towards their British Mother Country. For several centuries the colonies had been subject to rule by the English Crown and it’s Parliament. They no longer wanted to be controlled by a country an ocean away, and in turn sought independence. A huge factor in the start of the American Revolution was the French and Indian War that changed the age-old bond between the colonies and England. Decades of conflict followed, starting with the revolt as a result of the Stamp Act in 1765, leading to the eruption of war in 1775.
However, Wolsey wasn’t able to maintain his power and a number of factors influenced Henry’s decision to strip Wolsey of his powers in 1529. These factors included Wolsey’s failure to achieve The King’s Great Matter, opposition from The Boleyn Faction and his failure in foreign and domestic policy. Although all of these factors contributed to Wolsey’s downfall, I believe his failure to grant Henry with a divorce was the most important factor. Historians often refer to this as the nail in Wolsey’s coffin. Henry approached government about a divorce as he claimed that his marriage to Catherine of Aragon was a sin as the Leviticus states that marrying your brother’s wife will be punished by remaining childless.
Articles 26 and 27 of the new Constitution encouraged local councils to ban bell ringing, shut religious schools and threatened to phase out the subsidies to the clergy. Many priests were not wealthy and this resulted in them forming right-wing Catholic parties. The severe alienation of the right from the left negatively impacted the Second Republic as they were brought up against new opposition as a result of its new reforms. New reforms also angered the army. As Minister of War, Manuel Azaña tackled over manning in the army by allowing all officers to transfer to the reserve list on full pay, a generous offer.
Discuss the reasons for the failing in the creation of a successful liberal state in Spain during the 19th Century The 19th and early 20th century was a time of ‘complex division of the country into two broadly antagonistic social blocks’; between the traditional forces, such as the Church, who wanted society to remain the same, and the liberal forces, mainly intellectual bourgeoisie, who wanted to modernise Spain. (Paul Preston - A concise history of the Spanish civil war (Fontana press 1996). It was a situation, which could be argued, was destined for conflict as the politicians in charge of the country were beginning to adopt liberal ideas, and the majority of the population were still entrenched in their traditional values; God, Patria (Fatherland) and King. Despite the fact that ‘Liberalism’ was coined in the country, in 1812, Spain failed to become a successful liberal state during the 19th century. This essay will be addressing why Spain failed to make that transition to a Liberal state, focusing mainly on issues such as; the role of other institutions in preventing the triumph of liberalism, the weaknesses and failures of the liberals themselves and the economic and social realities of Spain at the time.
Throughout the whole ordeal the Duke of Austria got to be king. The losers would not accept it so the war broke out with Europe that split up into the Habsburg (Catholic/Imperial) vs. Protestants (Sweden and France/ Gustavas Adolphus and Bourbons.) The first period in The Thirty Year War was named the Bohemian Period that ranged from 1618-1625. When Ferdinand II became a Catholic king in the Holy Roman Empire, the