Accuracy in eyewitness testimony The accuracy of eyewitness (EW) testimony can be affected by many psychological factors. The purpose of this essay is to outline and evaluate these different factors. Eyewitnesses usually experience anxiety during a crime, as they are exposed to potential danger. Two important things must be considered about anxiety in eyewitnesses. First of all, the level of anxiety is determinate by the threat of danger.
Discuss the problems involved in defining and measuring crime and deviance. This essay aims to discuss the problems involved in defining crime and deviance and measuring crime. The essay will focus on the similarities of crime and deviance and discuss problems in measuring crime statistic. Crime is defined by an act that breaks the law (oxforddictionary 2013) and deviance is any behaviour that is considered out of the ordinary (oxforddictionary 2013). There are different theories on how crime and deviance are viewed.
‘Outline and explain ways in which data about crime is collected’ Crime can be defined as deviant activities that break the law in any particular society. Finding out how much crime takes place isn’t easy, and attempts to measure crime can prove misleading. This doesn’t mean that crime statistics aren’t affective, but it does mean that no single measure can be fully relied upon. Many sociologists see crime statistics as a social construction, as collecting crime data is a result of the cultural expectations of society, and by understanding who commits crime and what sorts of crimes are committed, we can get a clearer picture of why people commit crime in the first place. Different sociologists have presented different theories and concepts to explain what drives a person to commit a crime, and research and statistics give us an idea of the type of crimes committed and the places that they’re most likely to occur.
General deterrence is a punishment which aims to the whole society from committing similar crimes. This kind of punishment is used to generate fear in the general population through the offender’s punishment. How is Deterrence Related to Humiliation? I believe Deterrence relates to humiliation because it modifies a person for what they had done is wrong; this act deters them from repeating the same crime again. However, this is another way to show others potential law breakers the outcome if they were to commit the offense.
Further, because most hate-crime legislation puts added effort into prosecuting crimes against certain individuals or groups, what about the same crimes committed against someone who doesn't fit into one of those groups? Will the crime be prosecuted to the same extent? If not, you're making things worse for the majority, who are likely to feel underprotected. If the problem is that too many people (of any group) are being mugged, or assaulted, or their belongings vandalized, you should put more effort into prosecuting muggings, assaults, or vandalism. Not to protect any one group, but to protect all
Underreporting occurs due to individuals being dishonest regarding their behavior, therefore causing an error in the research done. A possible solution to this limitation is focusing on observed behavior, and correlating the findings with the self-reporting behavior, therefore developing a conclusion that is more in-depth. Furthermore, Article 2 emphasized that other factors can influence self-labeling as a victim in relation to work-place bullying, not just anxiety and anger. In addition, discovering a moderation effect regarding negative acts of violence and self-labeling is hard to discover due to the psychological way an individual may experience an event. Lastly, Article 3 honed on the lack of variances of deviant behavior.
Many people ask, why does crime occur, who commits the crimes and why. We also ask the question of whether or not economic class, race, ect, has anything to do with why crime occurs. Theories have been conjured upon these acts to try to give meaning on why, what happens takes place. In this essay I would like to take the time to explain these theories to help others understand and maybe change their own viewpoints. Crime can affect the way individuals perceive others generally creating bias and prejudice within a person’s frame of thought; hopefully we can make someone think a little differently.
Violent Crimes and Theories Violent crimes are a major concern for United States citizens. Although there has been a decrease in violent crime, it is still a huge problem nationwide that needs to be under more control. What causes a person to become criminal is a question that many theorists would love to fully understand. In the past, criminologists believed that people were simply born criminals. Today, there are several theories on why people commit crimes.
Explain the tension between community interests & individual rights and freedoms within then criminal justice system.? Crime is defined as an act or omission committed against the community at large that is punishable by the state. It is a constantly changing area so it can reflect upon societies changing values. The tension within the criminal justice system explores whether the rights of an individual should be infringed to protect a community so they feel safe. In relation to crime, the idea of tension is an issue due to the conflicting demands between the victim, accused and society.
If they don't approve of those people, they might harass them, steal from them, and even murder them. Hate crimes are always intentional it seems like, hate crimes may physically wound and may effectively intimidate other members of the victim's family or even community, leaving them feeling terrorized, isolated, vulnerable, and unprotected by the law. That is why the necessity for hate crime laws needs to be updated and improved to protect the people that have been affected by these terrible crimes. We cannot ban