What Are Some of the Key Ideas from the History of Management and How Are They Relevant to Our Understanding of Management Today?

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Management is "setting goals, planning on how to accomplish them, organizing relevant resources, leading and motivating people to undertake various tasks, and then overseeing and monitoring the performance of employees to ensure the job is done correctly-are all a core part of what we think a job entails” (Wicks, Freeman, Werhane, and Martin, 2010, p.285). History of management has covered some core concepts of what managing means but they have also been vague enough to leave definitions unclear. Frederick Winslow Taylor and Adam Smith are credited with concepts of scientific management or “the origins of efforts to bring the rigor of science into the workplace” (Wicks, Freeman, Werhane, and Martin, 2010, p.285). One of the core concepts of scientific management was the division of labor to bring about greater efficiency on the production side of management. The concept of specialization which meant “a worker would focus on a small part of the overall production process and repeat that task many times over rather than build a product from start to finish” (Wicks, Freeman, Werhane, and Martin, 2010, p.285, 286). Henry Ford was another famous advocate of specialization. Taylor pushed the theory further by having a distinctive view of human beings: “that fundamentally, as least in the workplace, they could be understood, treated, and measured like machines” (Wicks, Freeman, Werhane, and Martin, 2010, p.286). Contrary to this theory is the ‘Hawthorne Effect” or human relations school of thought that suggests that “human beings are complex creatures whose behavior is tied to a larger social environment. An elaborate set of beliefs and social structures are built into the behavior of workers, even in the most basic and simplified work environments” (Wicks, Freeman, Werhane, and Martin, 2010, p.286). This showcased the importance of attending to the human needs in social

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