Body weight; climbing ability; time of day c. Atmospheric pressure; age of rat; climbing ability d. Number of decompressions; body weight; home cage e. Experimental group; control group; test performance 4. In experiments, independent variables are a. the result of careful measurements. b. extraneous to the experiment and held constant. c. extraneous to the experiment and allowed to vary randomly. d. independent of experimenter control.
3. If you have several rats living at your house, how would you get rid of them (base your answer off what you just learned)? 4. Compare and contrast the amount of babies a rat has to the amount that a human has in one year. What are the similarities (compare)?
He was placed in a room with a white rat and showed no fear. In a trial later, Watson and Rayner made the loud noise using the hammer and steel bar every time Albert attempted to touch the rat. This noise made Albert scared and emotional. When the next trial took place they placed Albert in the room with only the rat and no sounds yet Albert responded to this with fear and always tried to move away in tears. 20 days later the same experiment took place with a rabbit, which purposely was not white like the rat yet he still had the same reactions towards it as he did with the white rat.
It appeared that that antibiotic had decreased the number of yeast cells. This was an unexpected result science antibiotic were meant to kill off bacteria not yeast. Our hypothesis stated whether antibiotic effect yeast cell cultures. We tested this theory by having a control in which one did not contain antibiotics and another that did contain the antibiotics, then collected yeast from the two cultures and placed them on a hemacytometer collecting chamber. These chambers were to see the yeast cells in a microscopic view and if or if not our hypothesis were true.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner – Little Albert Experiment The aim of the experiment was to investigate whether fear can be acquired through classical conditioning on human beings. Before conditioning, pre-testing was done to see if Albert was capable of producing a fear response. The checked if he was afraid of different materials, such as: a white rat, a rabbit, a dog, a monkey, masks with and without hair, cotton wool, burning newspapers, etc but he demonstrated no fear. They found that little Albert showed fear when exposed to loud noises. They started conditioning by showing Albert a white rat.
The cats are humanly trapped, then taken to the veterinarians, or wherever the event is taking place. While still in their traps the cats are sedated, tested for disease, and vaccinated. Then they are neutered or spayed and the tips of their ears are snipped to identify them as sterilized cats when they are
When blood glucose decreases the Lateral hypothalamus is activated, giving you the feeling of hunger. Research into the role of the hypothalamus in eating behaviour began in the 1950s when ANAND & BROBECK found that damage to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in rats caused a condition called aphagia (absence of eating) and that stimulation of LH leads to excessive feeding behaviour. They concluded they had found the ‘on switch’ for eating behaviour, the neurotransmitter ‘NPY’ is particularly important in turning on eating. MARIE ET AL (2005) found when they genetically manipulated mice so that they did not make NPY; they found no subsequent decrease in their feeding behaviour. However the researcher suggested that hunger stimulated by injections by NPY might actually be an experimental artefact, in the flood of NPY during experimental manipulations could cause behaviour not like that caused by normal amounts of neurotransmitter.
Initial pairing of the rat and banging bar was quite simple. The rat was presented alone at first and each time Albert tried to reach for it or touched it the bar was banged behind him. A sound of banging bar was unconditioned stimulus. The objective was to see if the pairing was maintained for a while, could Albert be conditioned to be afraid of the presence of the white rat (conditioned fear response). After a couple of tests Albert started to show signs of fear and began crying when the rat was presented to him without any sound.
After proving the existence of an endogenous pacemaker, research was done into its location. In 1965, Richter studied rats who underwent experimental neurosurgery which involved bi lateral excision of the hypothalamus. He found that he had destroyed the sleep wake cycle, as the rats experience random bursts of sleep and wakefulness. Richter concluded that the biological pacemaker is in the hypothalamus. After this breakthrough, there was a race between research teams to try and pinpoint where exactly the biological clock was in the hypothalamus.
Based on the findings of the first taskforce, the FDA set up another taskforce to review three studies on aspartame which Searle had submitted. The second taskforce published a document which became known as the Bressler Report. This report uncovered questionable practices and deviations during the experiments, including animal pathology sheets which showed errors such as dead rats coming back to life and the inability to decide what dose of aspartame had been given to the rats. Interestingly, the FDA’s Chief Counsel, Richard Merrill, felt there was enough evidence to bring fraud indictments against Searle. (Metcalfe, E., 2000, Sweet Talking, Ecologist, 30(4), 16.