However, the argument that carries the greatest weight is that the individuals who led these revolts and were at the forefront of the revolutionary movements were not united themselves in how they wanted Italy to unite. Austria clearly had a central role in putting down many of the revolts and so played an important role in both the failure of the 1820-21 revolutions and the ones that took place between 1848-49. Prior to 1820, Italy was unsettled and highly divided with nationalists, liberals and extremists amongst the masses. As the hostility in Italy increased under Austrian rule, secret societies emerged such as ‘The Carbonari’ – which was particularly popular in Southern Italy. By 1815, the aims of these secret societies changed in the direction of driving out the Austrians and restoring old Monarchs.
This was because there was a commonly held belief that the deprived were responsible for there poor living conditions, as they did not work hard enough – like the upper-class did, some would argue. Yet, the Liberals did pass reforms between 1906 and 1914 in order to tackle this problem. For example, the Old Age Pension Act of 1908 and Education (Provision of Meals) Act of 1906. Two social surveys were published during this time, that not only shocked the British public but changed popular opinion on the causes of poverty. They helped pave the way for a whole range of Government-led welfare reforms.
They stopped wearing breastplates and helmets and didn't practice drills, so that when barbarians attacked, they weren't ready. Another reason for the Roman Army's weakness was they were too relaxed on their draft. Bureaucrats, clergymen and senators were excluded from the draft aside from cooks, bakers and slaves. With a smaller and weaker army, it made it much harder to defend Rome's borders. Rome fell because of weakness caused by its size, by its pestilences and natural disasters, and by the weaknesses of its army.
Rachel Kay How accurate is it to say Frederick William IV was responsible for the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament? The Frankfurt Parliament was established to create freedom of press, German citizenship for all, fair taxation, equality of political rights and to create a unified Germany. However, countries like Austria greatly opposed it. Frederick William IV could be seen as responsible for the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament because he refused to accept any form of leadership and made it clear he distrusted the ‘gentlemen of Frankfurt’. However, many other factors played a role in the demise of the Parliament such as the fact that they were ill-organised, the lack of popular support and their inability to enforce decisions.
The troops would have felt let down as well, so therefore wanted reform and supported Mussolinis violence tactic. This also links in with the north south divide as the troops would be in the south and it hadnt industrialised as much as the north causeing a huge divide socially and economically. This demobalisation of the troops would have threated the higer classes as the troops could easily over power them for the land. Obviously the 5 million troops would have supported Mussolini and therefore caused a growth in his support. Another reason for Mussolinis success was the weakness of the political system.
(DOC E) By doing so, this allowed ratification and successful land policies for frontiers. Even though the article was able to set up a national government that the states could agree upon, the powers given to it were inadequate. The Articles of Confederation had problems settling and fixing their poor economic situation. The nation was put under heavy debt from the Revolution and taxation of imports and exports. Since the government could not set up a national currency, and states were allowed to make their own, this caused trade between states to be very difficult.
The government could not control all these invasions, so this was another component that helped the fall of the Roman Empire. Document 5 shows bias because it blames the fall of the civilization on internal decay. This is significant because if a very well organized government that had been able to keep order throughout such a large empire could no longer do it, then this meant nobody else could. All of these political
How far was the collapse of the liberal state caused by ww1? Just before World War 1 the liberal state was showing many weaknesses such unstable governments that were only lasting 18 months. They were also struggling to accommodate new social and economic forces which lead to extremist parties taking seats in parliament. Some historians believe that the liberal state was failing before the intervention of ww1 however some believe that it was due to ww1 and because of ww1 it lead to radical groups taking power. When Italy intervened into ww1 it was divided there were two camps.
Unnecessary military spending because of overexpansion and inability to expand further because of lack of new land to conquer is another theory. Yet another theory is that the immigration of Gothic Tribes and then mistreatment of the Gothics may have caused the immigrants to revolt. But the one thing that truly brought down Rome, and encompasses many of the other theories in its web of destruction, is the
Hence Italy was economically and politically fragmented. Therefore , in the years 1896-1814, Italy was disunited to a great extent, both economically and politically. Italy was clearly disunited politically in the years 1896-1914, which we see from the various different groups/ parties that were formed during the time to oppose Giolitti’s government. During these years, many different groups spread in Italy like the socialists, anarchists and Marxists. All these groups ultimately meant more hard work for Giolitti, as they all opposed the liberal state and the government of Giolliti and hence wanted reform.