Water Quality Improvement Using Garbage Enzyme

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Background of Study Water quality refers to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water. (Diersing, Nancy 2009) It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose. (Johnson, D.L et al., 1997) It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance can be assessed. The most common standards used to assess Contaminants that may be in untreated water include microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria; inorganic contaminants such as salts and metals; organic chemical contaminants from industrial processes and petroleum use; pesticides and herbicides; and radioactive contaminants. Water quality depends on the local geology and ecosystem, as well as human uses such as sewage dispersion, industrial pollution, and use of water bodies as a heat sink, and overuse (which may lower the level of the water). Dissolved minerals may affect suitability of water for a range of industrial and domestic purposes. The most familiar of these is probably the presence of ions of calcium and magnesium which interfere with the cleaning action of soap, and can form hard sulfate and soft carbonate deposits in water heaters or boilers. Hard water may be softened to remove these ions. The softening process often substitutes sodium cations. Hard water may be preferable to soft water for human consumption, since health problems have been associated with excess sodium and with calcium and magnesium deficiencies. Softening may sacrifice nutrition for cleaning effectiveness. Since the worldwide population increase, the sewage disposal and industrial waste management problem become increasingly critical. 70-80% of rivers and stream carry polluted water. Human health and environment will become

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