Rainwater and melted snow and ice that move too quickly to infiltrate the ground become runoff. Runoff replenishes the water on Earth's surface and helps to continue the water cycle. The next step in the cycle — evapotranspiration — returns water to the atmosphere. The Sun causes evaporation by heating liquid water on Earth's surface. Transpiration — the evaporation of water from pores in the leaves of plants — also releases water vapor into the atmosphere.
Rising air currents take water, as vapor, up into the atmosphere; with the water form of "evapotranspiration," which is water transpired or from plants and that has evaporated from the soil. The cooler temperatures in the atmosphere cause it to condense in the clouds, which float around in the air until they fall from the sky as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow and can accumulate as hail, where it can stay, as ice crystals, for thousands of years. In warmer climates, snow melts, then warmer spring and summer months, and that water flows into streams and rivers, which eventually return it to the ocean, or into the groundwater, which eventually reach underground purifiers. Over time, the water continues to flow, some to return to the ocean, where the water cycle renews itself.
It absorbs much water vapour from the oceans and land vegetation through evaporation. As this air rises it cools. Eventually the water vapour condenses into clouds and it then creates precipitation. So the equatorial region is both hot and wet. The air rises, then spreads horizontally to the north and south.
• Water droplets formed from condensation that are small remain suspended in the atmosphere in atmosphere in the form of clouds in the sky or fog at ground level. Dust particles need to be present around which the droplet can form. 3. Precipitation • Under the correct temperature and atmospheric pressure, the small water droplets in clouds become larger and precipitation occurs • This can be in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow. 4.
Waterfalls erode pretty fast. A river has a floodplain. A floodplain is the flat land along the river. Sometimes a river can flood, convening its floodplain. A river needs energy to do these things.
Some natural causes for these chemical reactions include erupting volcanoes and rotting vegetation. Eruption of volcanoes can release certain chemicals that react with the rain, and it’s the same case with rotting vegetation. These reactions usually release nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxide. This can be deposited in two ways, dry and wet deposition. Wet deposition is acid rain falling directly into the ground where the area is usually wet in rain, snow, or hail.
Normal conditions, before El Nino events occur, strong trade winds move surface waters westward. As this occurs the water becomes warmer. When water becomes warmer it causes the air to rise and cool causing torrential rainfall. When El Nino occurs there a warm upper ocean layer, which is poor in nutrients and a cold lower ocean layer, which is rich in nutrients. The cold water is brought when the surface current flows westward in a process known as upwelling.
Natural Causes of Climate Change The earth’s climate is influenced and changed through natural causes like volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the earth’s orbital changes and solar variations. Volcanic eruptions - When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapour, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. Large volumes of gases and ash can influence climatic patterns for years by increasing planetary reflectivity causing atmospheric cooling. Tiny particles called aerosols are produced by volcanoes. Because they reflect solar energy back into space they have a cooling effect on the world.
The cycle returns carbon to the atmosphere through volcanoes. Earth’s land and ocean surfaces sit on several moving crustal plates. When the plates collide, one sinks under the other, and the rocks it carries melts under the extreme heat and pressure. The heated rock recombines into silicate materials, releasing carbon dioxide. When volcanoes erupt, they vent the gas to the atmosphere and cover the land with fresh silicate rock to start the cycle
This same method can be used in our study. Most of the essential nutrients flow downstream, and the organisms naturally follow their food source (Davis, 1989). Understanding the affects of water velocity on sediment depths in streams can help to understand certain organisms’ habitats and environmental needs. Furthermore, understanding sediment flow down streams can help in areas where water