Waste Water Pollution

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Rapid urbanization and industrialization has resulted in the generation of huge volume of municipal and industrial wastewater and being disposed of into the drains without prior treatment. These mixed effluents having diverse composition are being disposed of in the agriculture lands located in the suburbs of the big cities. The estimated volume of wastewater discharge (cusec) from different cities of Pakistan like Lahore (3304), Faisalabad (1278), Gujranwala (312), Multan (235), Rawalpindi (171), Sargodha (99), Sialkot (92), Gujrat (42), Shiekhupura (416), Jhang (21) and others cities (421.60) been reported during the year 2010. There are two main sources of waste water, industrial effluents from different categories of industries and domestic…show more content…
Therefore, under water scarcity and poor enforcement conditions, irrigation wastewater flourished as an unplanned and spontaneous activity. This waste water is acceptable for the farmers because it contains large amount of organic matter and enrich in nutrients which is beneficial for plant growth and yield. In addition waste water is easily available to farmers without any cost. Drought is the main reason for the irrigation of wastewater. These multi- source mixed effluents contain human wastes, infectious agents, heavy metals, organic or inorganic salts (salinization), detergents, rainwater, pesticides, lubricating oil, rubber residues, industrial chemical residues, agricultural…show more content…
It has been observed that both humans as well as animals are daily contaminated by the heavy metals. The heavy metals like Hg and light metals like Al are poisoning us and animals every day in vaccines, from environmental pollution in air and water, and from the foods. Most heavy metals cause mental disorders, respiratory problems, hormonal imbalance and they are carcinogenic as well in human. That is why heavy metals remain a special concern especially in cases where the effluent city is an important factor. . The toxic effects usually associated with chronic exposure by pollutant heavy metals are mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, immunosuppression, poor body condition and impaired reproduction in animals. In addition, the health risk of heavy metals can be considered an occupational risk perspective as chemical pollutants can harm farmers due to direct contact with water during livestock. In plants heavy metals cause in Reduction in seed germination; decrease in seedling height, reduced leaf area and dry matter production, reduced fruit yield, reduction in plant nutrient contents and antioxidant enzyme activity, decrease in plant sugar, amino acid, and protein contents. Before being treated, sewage usually goes through pre-treatment to remove grit, grease and gross solids that could hinder subsequent treatment

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