Augustus seems to rule with his wealth and influence over the people, and those in government positions. In my opinion he is more focused on keeping the Aristocracy happy, for as according to Crone in her examination of pre-industrial societies, the holders of wealth are the key to maintaining leadership and order. Michael Haukaas made an excellent statement as well saying “Himself being wealthy is not enough, as evidence by the war following the death of his father at the hands of Brutus et all”. This statement shows how Augustus also had control over the soldiers as well as the power of his wealth. Just like the podcasts mentioned, Augustus was a powerful man due to his financial stability and the fact that he had made a lot of loyal and close friends with the men of elite
The governing authorities again like to use culturally significant figures in the tales of innovation and invention and discovery. Even with such advanced politics and thought, a class distinction still persisted, and though they had seen the benefit of all this technology, there were those in the upper class who felt it was beneath them to use such tools in any way. T Innovation was of great value to both the Han and Romans. The Han placed a higher attribution to culturally relevant creators. For example, Huan Tan, an upper-class Han philosopher wrote in New Discourses (Document III) of an emperor of myth inventing and refining the pestle and mortar for all people.
However, the number of Plebeians (non-patrician members in Rome who sought refuge or were war captives) grew with time, and because they could own property, some became wealthy and wanted to be equal to the patricians. Tarquinius Priscus became the first king to introduce the plebeians as lesser people to the Rome Republic while the patricians maintained the honorable status of greater people. This marked the beginning of an end to class differences. Servius Tullius, another Etruscan king, saw that Rome would be more competitive and stronger than her enemies if the Plebeians paid taxes and served in the army, just like the patricians. Therefore, he divided the people in the Roman territory into districts and townships depending on location, with the four in the city called city tribes while in other in other parts called rural tribes, and all paid taxes and served in the military.
The reform of finance and administration was the most important factor for Pitt’s domination of politics 1783-93 how far do you agree? On one had there is a strong suggestion that Pitts earlier political domination was made entirely by his skill as an administrator and financing his government. But the political situation at the time meant that there were many disadvantages facing him from very early on, hence the nickname the “mince pie” administration. There were many ways in which Pitt conquered over such problems like the Whigs and support within the Commons and the way he improved it, but what is the most important factor in his domination. Pitt from early on was a highly successful at implicating financial and administrative policies
The Imperial secretary Sang Hongyang declares “abolition of these measures is not expedient.” This statement means that Legalists believe the policies are necessary to keep the empire running and that it is not practical to abolish them, for then the treasuries would be depleted and funding for defense for the soldiers would be obsolete. Then he goes on to explain how “equitable marketing” was established and how it contributes to their country. Before this system, the people would send respective products as tributes to support the country, but the Legalists think that people are untrustworthy and should be governed by laws to force them to do good. They came up with this set of laws, i.e. setting up transportation offices, forcing the people to send their goods to these places because the government did not trust the quality of the products sent from the people.
This system would control the privileges and benefits of citizenships of citizenship of Rome. The Censors who conducted the system could re-rank citizens into different classes. Which is a good idea because a citizen can grow over time and not stay in their original class. In Document D, it states that Athens had a system called ostracism which putting a powerful man who could destroy Athens in exile for ten years. In Rome, they had the classes which equalize the citizens because the
Nero actively sought to create an Augustan rebirth after his incompetent predecessors, and with the aid of two brilliant men: the Praetorian prefect Burrus and the his mentor Seneca, he made many reforms that improved the lives of the common people exponentially. The tightly censored and regulated senate enjoyed greater freedom, he made many reforms that succeeded in stamping out corruption, he improved the infrastructure used by the common people, he passed intelligent reforms that helped create material prosperity, he even wanted to ban public executions, as he felt it was a barbaric practice. Perhaps this is not really a positive judgement of Nero, but rather a positive judgement of his advisors Burrus and Seneca, who played a huge role in forming Nero’s opinions and preventing people like Agrippina from exercising political power. Regardless, for a long time, Nero’s reign (or his clique’s reign) was brilliant and very close to a golden age, where there was stability, military successes, and many cultural and artistic
Thomas Gordon argued against this because he thought that if anyone would know how the government worked, it would be the private men. They would be the people who were directly impacted by the laws enacted and executed by the government. All people, therefore, should have the opportunity to have a say in what goes on in the government. The second concern for the Founders was to what extent the people should be involved in the government. Although the people had a right to be involved in the government, the author of Caesar No.
The hidden curriculum has a big influence on pupils, its one thing to teach the child educationally but if the child is treated unjustly (no voice) by the school system then a much more negative message is given to those pupils about the nature of society. According to Functionalists, meritocracy exists in all of society. Parson (1961) believes in the wider society everyone is treated the same and that your position is determined by your effort and your will to achieve. So society is said to be meritocratic, as everybody can achieve if they want to. Durkheim (2002) Believes that there are fixed rules for all and by transmitting the norms and values across society, it is then fair and meritocratic.
However, the development of new types of values, such as individualism, introduced changes throughout the Victorian Era. The idea of the self-made man became dominant in the middle class and the idea was that “if they work hard enough, all men can become wealthy”. And some people from the middle class did get rich and even joined the elite family. Middle- classes Victorians were also very prudish, and they believed that people could be easily tempted to stray from proper behavior. They were also extremely materialistic.