Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess different sociological explanations for victimisation in society There are many different sociological explanations for victimisation in society. First of all the UN defines victims as those who have suffered harm mentally, physically or emotionally such as suffering or loss in financial ways where as writer Neil Christie disagrees and goes on to say that the belief that the victim is socially constructed. By this he means that the portrayal of a victim comes from the media, public and criminal justice system as a young child or an elderly person who is the target of an attack by a stranger. Linking to Item A, positivist victimology is defined by Miers as having three features such as it aims to identify victims who have contributed to their own victimisation. Also two other features are mentioned like it aims to identify the factors that produce patterns in victimisation and how it focuses on interpersonal crimes of violence.
Serial killers are rarely thought of as women. Perhaps this fallacy is based on the stereotype of women being delicate and sympathetic. For these barbarous killers, often the pretense of nurturing minimized any and all suspicions, but these women are just as immoral as their male counterparts. Patriarchal society is, by definition, male-centered, male-identified, and male-dominated (Johnson 24). Within the notion of male domination is the approval of male violence to implement male domination (Hooks 48).
Violating a person in such a way is horrible, cruel and it can lead to severe physiological problems of the victim. Rape is not beneficial to society and it is not agreed upon by both parties, but instead forced upon on the one not in agreement. Rape is not only with women, but also with children and men. There are those who specifically target women because they know they can overpower them if they need to in order to get their way. Children or minors may lack the judgment needed for valid consent.
This may be because Black Prisoners often enter from impoverished backgrounds with higher rates of violent crimes; therefore “import “their cultural norms which condone violent behaviour. The other model of institutional aggression is the deprivation model. This claims that the characteristics of the prison itself is the reason rather than the prisoners. They argue that it is the experiences of imprisonment that causes extreme stress and frustration which in turns leads to violence. Sykes argues how the loss of freedom, heterosexual relationships, isolation and boredom leads inmates needing to engage in violence which is a reaction to the hurt they feel.
We see certain relationships such as Heathcliff and Hindley, and Heathcliff and Hareton which support the idea that 'violence breeds violence.' However, in contrast, we also see relationships with Heathcliff and Catherine, Edgar and Isabella that present more of an idea that love breeds violence, as opposed to violence itself. Most of the novels violence centralises around Heathcliff, stemming from a desire to claim revenge against Hindley due to his initial hatred and systematic degradation of Heathcliff and his social status. Hindley's hatred and violent approach to Heathcliff is evident as soon as they meet, in chapter IV Hindley orders Heathcliff 'take my colt, gipsy...I pray that he may break your neck; take him and be damned, you beggarly interloper!' Hindleys wish of Heathcliff's death, shows Hindley's sheer anger, disgust and hatred toward Heathcliff.
How is the issue of violence represented in the lives of individuals in your core text and in one other related text? Violence is presented in Blackrock and Harry Brown through the issues of, the negative influence of peers, the influence of drugs, and powerlessness. These can be seen in various scenes in both texts where youths are creating harmful situations for themselves and others around them. These issues can be examined in the scene where Ricko and Jared fight which causes the relationship between them to melt. In Harry Brown, night raids turn into a large scale riot which is a powerful example of the negative influence of peers.
Próspero brings up previous theories that suggest masculinity could be learned by other genders, including women and even LGBT populations, especially if these traits were valued in that society (such as excessive aggressiveness)(2008, 640-641). In his study, he found the gender of the perpetrator had effects on the type of intimate partner violence (644). Erbaugh makes another crucial observation when she remarks, “Isolation is a central tactic of abuse.” (453). The abusers take away the victim’s support network, encouraging co-dependence and leaving them nowhere to turn, socially, physically, economically. Not only is this abuser their familiarity, but they will be forced to give that up frequently for nothing familiar.
Aaron Devor explores how these factors, gender behavior and various entertainments, potentially affect everyone in “Becoming member of society: Learning the social meanings of gender.” Not only do Kilbourne’s ads ridicule men by showing the obsession of males, but also the other two authors show how other modern society’s entertainments are meant to ridicule men and most importantly women with their acts of violence and sexuality. The males are the majority species that get hurt through music we hear and programs we watch, whereas advertisements hurt females. The entertainments substantially imply most men are violent, and the advertisements imply women as material objects. In A sense, men and women learning the consequences of violence and sexuality in daily life would help them to find a common ground with another built on respect and compassion because both genders are getting hurt
Thinking about it more, I realized that hate-crimes legislation doesn't aim to punish the actual crime, but rather the motive (or thoughts) behind it. That's smacks of being more than a little Orwellian to me, besides being something that's very difficult to prove. If someone is continually spouting hateful speech, there's a pretty good chance you can figure out that their motive for a crime might be related to that hate. But what about someone who doesn't give any
Domestic Violence, or spousal abuse, is one of the most appalling crimes in the criminal justice system. Domestic violence involves the abuse of an intimate partner through means of physical, verbal, emotional, or sexual aggression. When most people think of domestic violence, the most frequent thought is the husband, or boyfriend, battering their defenseless female partner. What people fail to realize is that domestic violence does not happen strictly between heterosexual couples, same sex couples can become victims of battering as well. They can suffer much more than heterosexual victims.